ȼɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɋɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ ɜ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɯ Ⱥɯ+ɫɬ =
=f(ɋɫɬ).
4. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ
(ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ).
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ: I
Ⱥ
Ⱥɯ
Ⱥɯ = Ⱥ0 + Ⱥ1
Ⱥ1
Ⱥɫɪ ɋɫɪ ɋɯ ɋ
Ƚɪɚɞɭɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ
ɝɞɟ: Ⱥ1 – ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ; ɋ1 – ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ;
ɋ0 – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ); Ⱥ0 – ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ;
ɋx – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ;
Ⱥɯ – ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ.
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II |
F |
(Cx |
C0 ) |
Cɯ = ɋ0 + Ⱥɯ·Fɫɪ. |
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An |
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ɝɞɟ: F – ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ;
ɋ0 – ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ;
Ⱥn – ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ; Ⱥɯ – ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ.
5. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
(ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɟ).
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V, ɫɦ3 |
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V, ɫɦ3 |
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V, ɫɦ3 |
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Ɍɷɤɜ |
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Ɍɷɤɜ |
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Ɍɷɤɜ |
Ʉɪɢɜɚɹ ɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ- |
Ʉɪɢɜɚɹ ɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ- |
Ʉɪɢɜɚɹ ɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ- |
ɝɨ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢ- |
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ɝɨ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢ- |
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ɝɨ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢ- |
ɱɢɧɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢ- |
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ɱɢɧɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ |
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ɱɢɧɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ |
ɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ |
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ɬɢɬɪɚɧɬɨɦ |
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ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ |
6. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ
(ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ)
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C1 |
AȜ1 |
İ2 Ȝ2 |
AȜ2 İ2 Ȝ1 |
İ1Ȝ1 |
İ2 Ȝ2 |
İ1Ȝ1 İ2 Ȝ2 |
, |
C2 |
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AȜ2 İ1Ȝ1 |
AȜ1 |
İ1Ȝ2 |
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İ1Ȝ1 İ2 Ȝ2 |
İ1Ȝ1 |
İ2 Ȝ1 |
ɝɞɟ: Ȝ1 – ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɵ; Ȝ2 – ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɵ;
ȺȜ1 – ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ Ȝ1;
ȺȜ2 – ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ Ȝ2;
ɋ1 – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ 1; ɋ2 – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ 2;
Η1Ο1 ;ΗΟ22 ;Η1Ο2 ;ΗΟ21 – ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ 1 ɢ 2 ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɧɚɯ ɜɨɥɧ Ȝ1 ɢ Ȝ2 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 11
ɉɈɄȺɁȺɌȿɅɂ ɉɊȿɅɈɆɅȿɇɂə ɋɉɂɊɌɈ-ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɈȼ, ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊȺɐɂə ɄɈɌɈɊɕɏ ȼɕɊȺɀȿɇȺ ȼ ɈȻ.%
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ- |
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ |
ɉɨɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ- |
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ- |
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ɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢ- |
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ɩɪɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ |
ɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ |
ɰɢɹ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ |
ɩɪɢ 20°ɋ |
ɧɚ 1% ɫɩɢɪɬɚ |
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ɰɢɟɧɬ |
0 |
1,33300 |
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1·10-4 |
1 |
1,33345 |
4,5·10-4 |
1·10-4 |
2 |
1,33400 |
5,5·10-4 |
1·10-4 |
3 |
1,33444 |
4,4·10-4 |
1,1·10-4 |
4 |
1,33493 |
4,9·10-4 |
1,1·10-4 |
5 |
1,33535 |
4,2·10-4 |
1,2·10-4 |
6 |
1,33587 |
5,2·10-4 |
1,2·10-4 |
7 |
1,33641 |
5,4·10-4 |
1,3·10-4 |
8 |
1,33700 |
5,9·10-4 |
1,3·10-4 |
9 |
1,33760 |
6,0·10-4 |
1,3·10-4 |
10 |
1,33808 |
4,8·10-4 |
1,4·10-4 |
11 |
1,33870 |
6,2·10-4 |
1,4·10-4 |
12 |
1,33924 |
5,4·10-4 |
1,4·10-4 |
13 |
1,33977 |
5,3·10-4 |
1,4·10-4 |
14 |
1,34043 |
6,6·10-4 |
1,4·10-4 |
15 |
1,34096 |
5,3·10-4 |
1,5·10-4 |
16 |
1,34158 |
6,2·10-4 |
1,5·10-4 |
17 |
1,34209 |
5,1·10-4 |
1,5·10-4 |
18 |
1,34270 |
6,1·10-4 |
1,5·10-4 |
19 |
1,34330 |
6,0·10-4 |
1,5·10-4 |
20 |
1,34390 |
6,0·10-4 |
1,6·10-4 |
21 |
1,34452 |
6,2·10-4 |
1,6·10-4 |
22 |
1,34512 |
6,0·10-4 |
1,7·10-4 |
23 |
1,34573 |
6,1·10-4 |
1,8·10-4 |
24 |
1,34635 |
6,2·10-4 |
1,9·10-4 |
25 |
1,34697 |
6,2·10-4 |
2,0·10-4 |
30 |
1,35000 |
6,0·10-4 |
2,0·10-4 |
35 |
1,35320 |
6,4·10-4 |
2,1·10-4 |
40 |
1,35500 |
4,0·10-4 |
2,4·10-4 |
45 |
1,35700 |
4,0·10-4 |
2,4·10-4 |
50 |
1,35900 |
4,0·10-4 |
2,6·10-4 |
55 |
1,36060 |
3,2·10-4 |
2,6·10-4 |
60 |
1,36180 |
2,4·10-4 |
3,4·10-4 |
65 |
1,36300 |
2,4·10-4 |
3,6·10-4 |
70 |
1,36380 |
1,6·10-4 |
3,8·10-4 |
75 |
1,36450 |
1,4·10-4 |
4,0·10-4 |
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 12
ɎȺɄɌɈɊɕ ɉɈɄȺɁȺɌȿɅȿɃ ɉɊȿɅɈɆɅȿɇɂə (F) ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɈȼ ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼ ɋ ȼȿɋɈ-ɈȻɔȿɆɇɈɃ ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊȺɐɂȿɃ
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Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ |
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬ- |
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ɪɚɰɢɹ, % |
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪ |
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Ⱥɧɚɥɶɝɢɧ |
Ⱥɧɬɢɩɢɪɢɧ |
Ȼɚɪɛɚɦɢɥ |
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ɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ |
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1 |
Ⱦɥɹ 1–5% ɤɨɧ- |
0,00190 |
0,00225 |
0,00181 |
2 |
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ |
0,00190 |
0,00225 |
0,00180 |
3 |
0,00050 |
0,00180 |
0,00226 |
0,00180 |
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4 |
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0,00185 |
0,00226 |
0,00180 |
5 |
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0,00192 |
0,00226 |
0,00180 |
6 |
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0,00188 |
0,00226 |
0,00179 |
7 |
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0,00186 |
0,00226 |
0,00179 |
8 |
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0,00187 |
0,00227 |
0,00178 |
9 |
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0,00187 |
0,00227 |
0,00178 |
10 |
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0,00192 |
0,00227 |
0,00178 |
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Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬ- |
Ȼɚɪɛɢɬɚɥ- |
Ƚɟɤɫɚɦɟɬɢ- |
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Ƚɥɸɤɨɡɚ, ɫ |
Ƚɥɸɤɨɡɚ |
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ɪɚɰɢɹ, % |
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ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ |
ɧɚɬɪɢɹ |
ɥɟɧ-ɬɟɬɪɚɦɢɧ |
ɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɚɹ |
ɜɥɚɝɢ 10% |
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1 |
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɧ- |
0,00164 |
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɧ- |
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɧ- |
2 |
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ |
0,00164 |
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ |
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ |
3 |
0,00182 |
0,00165 |
0,00142 |
0,00129 |
4 |
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0,00165 |
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5 |
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0,00165 |
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6 |
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0,00165 |
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7 |
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0,00165 |
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8 |
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0.00166 |
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9 |
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0,00166 |
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10 |
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0,00166 |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
ɂɈɇɇɈȿ ɉɊɈɂɁȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ ȼɈȾɕ Ʉɇ2Ɉ ɉɊɂ ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɈɃ ɌȿɆɉȿɊȺɌɍɊȿ
t°C |
Ʉɇ2Ɉ |
Įɇ+=ĮɈɇ- |
t°C |
Ʉɇ2Ɉ |
Įɇ+=ĮɈɇ- |
0 |
0,13·10-14 |
0,36·10-7 |
28 |
1,62·10-14 |
1,27·10-7 |
5 |
0,21·10-14 |
0,46·10-7 |
29 |
1,76·10-14 |
1,33·10-7 |
10 |
0,36·10-14 |
0,59·10-7 |
30 |
1,89·10-14 |
1,37·10-7 |
15 |
0,58·10-14 |
0,76·10-7 |
35 |
0,27·10-13 |
1,65·10-7 |
16 |
0,63·10-14 |
0,79·10-7 |
40 |
0,38·10-13 |
1,95·10-7 |
17 |
0,68·10-14 |
0,82·10-7 |
50 |
0,56·10-13 |
2,4·10-7 |
18 |
0,74·10-14 |
0,86·10-7 |
60 |
1,26·10-13 |
3,55·10-7 |
19 |
0,79·10-14 |
0,89·10-7 |
70 |
2,10·10-13 |
0,49·10-6 |
20 |
0,86·10-14 |
0,93·10-7 |
80 |
3,40·10-13 |
0,58·10-6 |
21 |
0,93·10-14 |
0,96·10-7 |
90 |
0,52·10-12 |
0,72·10-6 |
22 |
1,00·10-14 |
1,00·10-7 |
100 |
0,74·10-12 |
0,86·10-6 |
23 |
1,10·10-14 |
1,05·10-7 |
120 |
1,25·10-12 |
1,12·10-6 |
24 |
1,19·10-14 |
1,09·10-7 |
140 |
1,80·10-12 |
1,34·10-6 |
25 |
1,27·10-14 |
1,13·10-7 |
160 |
2,50·10-12 |
1,58·10-6 |
26 |
1,38·10-14 |
1,17·10-7 |
180 |
3,20·10-12 |
1,80·10-6 |
27 |
1,50·10-14 |
1,23·10-7 |
200 |
0,40·10-11 |
2,0·10-6 |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 |
ɉɅɈɌɇɈɋɌɖ ɂ ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊȺɐɂə ɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɈȼ |
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ɄɂɋɅɈɌ ɂ ɓȿɅɈɑȿɃ (t=20°C) |
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Ʉɢɫɥɨɬɵ: |
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Ⱥɡɨɬɧɚɹ |
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ɉɥɨɬ- |
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ |
Ɇɨɥɹɪ- |
ɉɥɨɬ- |
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ |
Ɇɨɥɹɪ- |
ɧɨɫɬɶ, |
ɞɨɥɹ, % |
ɧɨɫɬɶ, |
ɧɨɫɬɶ, |
ɞɨɥɹ, % |
ɧɨɫɬɶ, |
ɤɝ/ɦ3 |
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ |
ɤɝ/ɦ3 |
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ |
1,000 |
0,333 |
0,052 |
1,280 |
45,27 |
9,195 |
1,020 |
3,982 |
0,645 |
1,300 |
48,42 |
9,990 |
1,040 |
7,530 |
1,243 |
1,320 |
51,71 |
10,83 |
1,060 |
10,97 |
1,845 |
1,340 |
55,13 |
11,72 |
1,080 |
14,31 |
2,453 |
1,360 |
58,78 |
12,68 |
1,100 |
17,58 |
3,068 |
1,380 |
62,70 |
13,73 |
1,130 |
22,38 |
4,012 |
1,400 |
66,97 |
14,88 |
1,150 |
25,48 |
4,649 |
1,420 |
71,63 |
16,14 |
1,170 |
28,51 |
5,293 |
1,440 |
76,71 |
17,53 |
1,190 |
31,47 |
5,943 |
1,460 |
82,39 |
19,09 |
1,200 |
32,94 |
6,273 |
1,480 |
89,07 |
20,92 |
1,210 |
34,41 |
6,607 |
1,500 |
96,73 |
23,02 |
1,220 |
35,93 |
6,956 |
1,510 |
99,26 |
23,79 |
1,240 |
39,02 |
7,679 |
1,513 |
100,00 |
24,01 |
1,260 |
42,14 |
8,426 |
|
|
|