Bibliography
Chaney, Edward (2000),"'Philanthropy in Italy': English Observations on Italian Hospitals 1545-1789", in: The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations since the Renaissance, 2nd ed. London, Routledge, 2000. http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_evolution_of_the_grand_tour.html?id=rYB_HYPsa8gC
Connor, J. T. H. "Hospital History in Canada and the United States," Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 1990, Vol. 7 Issue 1, pp 93–104
Crawford, D.S. Bibliography of Histories of Canadian hospitals and schools of nursing.
Gorsky, Martin. "The British National Health Service 1948-2008: A Review of the Historiography," Social History of Medicine, Dec 2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, pp 437–460
Harrison, Mar, et al. eds. From Western Medicine to Global Medicine: The Hospital Beyond the West (2008)
Horden, Peregrine. Hospitals and Healing From Antiquity to the Later Middle Ages (2008)
McGrew, Roderick E. Encyclopedia of Medical History (1985)
Morelon, Régis; Rashed, Roshdi (1996), Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, 3, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-12410-7
Risse, Guenter B. Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals (1999), 716pp; world coverage excerpt and text search
Rosenberg, Charles E. The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System (1995) history to 1920 table of contents and text searc
Scheutz, Martin et al. eds. Hospitals and Institutional Care in Medieval and Early Modern Europe (2009)
Wall, Barbra Mann. American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of Changing Markets and Missions (Rutgers University Press, 2011). 238 pp. ISBN 978-0-8135-4940-8
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hospital |
Jean Manco, The Heritage of Mercy (medieval hospitals in Britain)
Last Resort: Hospital Care in Canada (an illustrated historical essay)
Medieval Hospitals of England, by Rotha Mary Clay, historyfish.net (1909 book, now in the public domain)
Directory and Ranking of more than 17000 Hospitals worldwide, hospitals.webometrics.info
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hospital&oldid=530748379"
Medical education
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner, or healthcare related providers either the initial training to become a physician (i.e., medical school or across the various disciplines of health professionals [dental schools, pharmacy school, therapy schools etc] and internship), additional training thereafter (e.g., residency and fellowship), or Physician Assistant education.
Medical education and training varies considerably across the world. Various teaching methodologies have been utilised in medical education, which is an active area of educational research.[1]
Entry-level education
Main article: Medical school
Entry-level medical education programs are tertiary-level courses undertaken at a medical school. Depending on jurisdiction and university, these may be either undergraduate-entry (most of Europe, India, China), or graduate-entry programs (mainly Australia, Canada, United States).
In general, initial training is taken at medical school. Traditionally initial medical education is divided between preclinical and clinical studies. The former consists of the basic sciences such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, pathology. The latter consists of teaching in the various areas of clinical medicine such as internal medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, psychiatry, and surgery. However, medical programs are using systems-based curricula in which learning is integrated, and several institutions do this.
There has been a proliferation of programmes that combine medical training with research (D.O./Ph.D. or M.D./Ph.D.) or management programmes (D.O./MBA or M.D./ MBA), although this has been criticised because extended interruption to clinical study has been shown to have a detrimental effect on ultimate clinical knowledge.[2]