See also
History of medicine
Museum of the History of Lithuanian Medicine and Pharmacy
Pharmacy
References
^ Ellis, Linda (2000). Archaeological Method and Theory: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. pp. 443–448. ISBN 978-0-8153-1305-2.
^ John K. Borchardt (2002). "The Beginnings of Drug Therapy: Ancient Mesopotamian Medicine". Drug News & Perspectives 15 (3): 187–192. doi:10.1358/dnp.2002.15.3.840015. ISSN 0214-0934. PMID 12677263.
^ Edward Kremers, Glenn Sonnedecker (1986). "Kremers and Urdang's History of pharmacy". Amer. Inst. History of Pharmacy. p.17. ISBN 0-931292-17-4
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 434.
^ Hadzovic, S (1997). "Pharmacy and the great contribution of Arab-Islamic science to its development" (in Croatian). Medicinski Arhiv 51 (1-2): 47–50. ISSN 0025-8083. OCLC 32564530. PMID 9324574.
^ al-Ghazal, Sharif Kaf (October 2003). "The valuable contributions of Al-Razi (Rhazes) in the history of pharmacy during the Middle Ages" (pdf). Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine 2 (4): 9–11. ISSN 1303-667X. OCLC 54045642. http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/02.pdf.
^ Levey M. (1973), ‘ Early Arabic Pharmacology’, E. J. Brill; Leiden.
^ History of Pharmacy Web Pages - Sweden´s oldest pharmacies
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_pharmacy&oldid=527487144"
Hospice
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the institution for palliative care. For other uses, see Hospice (disambiguation).
Bradbury Hospice, the first dedicated hospice in Hong Kong
Hospice is a type of care and a philosophy of care that focuses on the palliation of a terminally ill or seriously ill patient's symptoms. These symptoms can be physical, emotional, or psychosocial in nature. Hospice care focuses on bringing comfort, self-respect, and tranquility to people in the final years of life. Patients’ symptoms and pain are controlled, goals of care are discussed and emotional needs are supported. Hospice believes that the end of life is not a medical experience, it is a human experience that benefits from expert medical and holistic support that hospice offers. The concept of hospice has been evolving since the 11th century. Then, and for centuries thereafter, hospices were places of hospitality for the sick, wounded, or dying, as well as those for travelers and pilgrims. The modern concept of hospice includes palliative care for the incurably ill given in such institutions as hospitals or nursing homes, but also care provided to those who would rather spend their last months and days of life in their own homes. It began to emerge in the 17th century, but many of the foundational principles by which modern hospice services operate were pioneered in the 1950s by Dame Cicely Saunders. Hospice care also involves assistance for patients’ families to help them cope with what is happening and provide care and support to keep the patient at home. Although the movement has met with some resistance, hospice has rapidly expanded through the United Kingdom, the United States and elsewhere.