United Kingdom

St Thomas Hospice, Canterbury

The hospice movement has grown dramatically in the United Kingdom since Saunders opened St. Christopher's in 1967. According to the UK's Help the Hospices in 2011, UK hospice services consisted of 220 inpatient units for adults (2009:220 with 3,175 beds (2009:3,203), 42 inpatient units for children (2009:39) with 334 beds (2009: 298), 288 home care services (2009:314), 127 hospice at home services (2009:106), 272 day care services (2009:280), and 343 hospital support services (2009:346).^[38] These services together helped over 250,000 patients in 2003 & 2004. Funding varies from 100% funding by the National Health Service to almost 100% funding by charities, but the service is always free to patients.

As of 2006 about 4% of all deaths in England and Wales occurred in a hospice setting (about 20,000 patients);^[39] a further number of patients spent time in a hospice, or were helped by hospice-based support services, but died elsewhere.

Hospices also provide volunteering opportunities for over 100,000 people in the UK, whose economic value to the hospice movement has been estimated ath over £112 million.^[40]

Recent programs have been sought out to provide hospice care to newborn children free of cost.^{[citation needed]}

Other nations

Hospice care entered Poland in the middle of the 1970s.^[41] Japan opened its first hospice in 1981, officially hosting 160 by July 2006.^[42] The first hospice unit in Israel was opened in 1983.^[43] India's first hospice, Shanti Avedna Ashram, opened in Bombay in 1986.^[44] The first modern free-standing hospice in China opened in Shanghai in 1988.^[45] The first hospice unit in Taiwan, where the term for hospice translates "peaceful care", was opened in 1990.^[15][46] The first free-standing hospice in Hong Kong, where the term for hospice translates "well-ending service", opened in 1992.^[15][47]The first hospice inRussiawas established in 1997.^[48]

See also

• Children's hospice

• Deathbed phenomena

• Hospice chaplain

• Life support

• Medical social work

• Pain management

• Robert Twycross

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} Robbins, Joy (1983). Caring for the Dying Patient and the Family. Taylor & Francis. p. 138. ISBN 0-06-318249-1.

2. ^ Connor, Stephen R. (1998). Hospice: Practice, Pitfalls, and Promise. Taylor & Francis. p. 4. ISBN 1-56032-513-5.

3. ^ ^{a b c d e} Connor, 5.

4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Lewis, Milton James (2007). Medicine and Care of the Dying: A Modern History. Oxford University Press US. p. 20. ISBN 0-19-517548-4.

5. ^ ^{a b c} Lewis, 21.

6. ^ Lewis, 23-25.

7. ^ Lewis, 22-23.

8. ^ Foley, Kathleen M.; Herbert Hendin (2002). The Case Against Assisted Suicide: For the Right to End-of-life Care. JHU Press. p. 281. ISBN 0-8018-6792-4.

9. ^ ^{a b c} Poor, Belinda; Gail P. Poirrier (2001). End of Life Nursing Care. Boston ; Toronto: Jones and Bartlett. p. 121. ISBN 0-7637-1421-6.

10. ^ David Clark, PhD (July/August 2000). "Total Pain: The Work of Cicely Saunders and the Hospice Movement". APS Bulletin 10 (4). http://www.ampainsoc.org/pub/bulletin/jul00/hist1.htm.

11. ^ ^{a b} Spratt, John Stricklin; Rhonda L. Hawley, Robert E. Hoye (1996). Home Health Care: Principles and Practices. CRC Press. p. 147. ISBN 1-884015-93-X.

12. ^ Lewenson, Sandra B.; Eleanor Krohn Herrman (2007). Capturing Nursing History. Springer Publishing Company. p. 51. ISBN 0-8261-1566-7.

13. ^ Sullivan, Patricia. "Florence S. Wald, 91; U.S. Hospice Pioneer", The Washington Post, November 13, 2008. Accessed November 13, 2008.

14. ^ ^{a b} Reed, Christopher (2004-08-31). "Elisabeth Kubler-Ross: Psychiatrist who identified five stages of dying - denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance". The Guardian.

15. ^ ^{a b c d} Kirn, Marie (June 1, 1998). "Book review". Journal of Palliative Medicine 1 (2): 201–202. doi:10.1089/jpm.1998.1.201. http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/jpm.1998.1.201.

16. ^ Bernat, James L. (2008). Ethical Issues in Neurology (3, revised ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 154. ISBN 0-7817-9060-3.

17. ^ Saunders, Cicely M.; David Clark (2005). Cicely Saunders: Founder of the Hospice Movement : Selected Letters 1959-1999. Oxford University Press. p. 283. ISBN 0-19-856969-6.

18. ^ ^{a b} Newman, Laura (2009-09-27). Josefina Bautista Magno. p. 753. PMC 200824. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC200824/. "That vision, fuelled by her drive and gritty determination, led to the International Hospice Institute, soon to metamorphose into the International Hospice Institute and College as the need for education and training became recognised, and finally into today's International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care."

19. ^ "IAHPC Board of Directors". International Association for Hospice & Palliative Care. http://www.hospicecare.com/Organisation/#directors. Retrieved 2009-02-21.

20. ^ "IAHPC History". International Association for Hospice & Palliative Care. http://www.hospicecare.com/History/history.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-21.

21. ^ "Standards for Palliative Care Provision". International Association for Hospice & Palliative Care. http://www.hospicecare.com/standards/. Retrieved 2009-02-21.

22. ^ Connor, Stephen (2009). Hospice and Palliative Care: The Essential Guide (2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 202. ISBN 0-415-99356-3.

23. ^ Connor, 201.

24. ^ Villet-Lagomarsino, A. "Hospice and Palliative Care: A Comparison". PBS.

25. ^ Parry, Eldryd High Owen; Richard Godfrey, David Mabey, Geoffrey Gill (2004). Principles of Medicine in Africa (3 revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1233. ISBN 0-521-80616-X.

26. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Wright, Michael; Justin Wood, Tom Lynch, David Clark (November 2006). Mapping levels of palliative care development: a global view (Report). Help the Hospices; National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization. p. 14. http://www.eolc-observatory.net/global/pdf/world_map.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-06.

27. ^ "What do Hospice and Palliative Care Programs in Africa Do?". Foundation for Hospices in Sub-Saharan Africa. http://www.fhssa.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3286. Retrieved 2010-02-06.

28. ^ Wright et al, 15.

29. ^ Forman, Walter B.; Denice Kopchak Sheehan, Judith A. Kitzes (2003). Hospice and Palliative Care: Concepts and Practice (2 ed.). Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 6. ISBN 0-7637-1566-2.

30. ^ ^{a b c} Feldberg, Georgina D.; Molly Ladd-Taylor, Alison Li (2003). Women, Health and Nation: Canada and the United States Since 1945. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 342. ISBN 773525017.

31. ^ ^{a b c} Andrew Duffy. "A Moral Force: The Story of Dr. Balfour Mount". Ottawa Citizen. http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/story.html?id=896d005a-fedd-4f50-a2d9-83a95fc56464. Retrieved January 1, 2007.

32. ^ Feldberg et al., 343.

33. ^ ^{a b c d} "Fact Sheet: Hospice Palliative Care in Canada". Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Association. December 2004. http://www.chpca.net/public_policy_advocacy/january_2006_policy_alerts/Factsheet-HospicePalliativeCareinCanada-December+2+2004.pdf. Retrieved 2009-02-21.

34. ^ ^{a b c} Plocher, David W.; Patricia L. Metzger (2001). The Case Manager's Training Manual. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 222. ISBN 0-8342-1930-1.

35. ^ Kiernan, Stephen P. (2007). Last Rights: Rescuing the End of Life from the Medical System (revised ed.). MacMillan. p. 40. ISBN 0-312-37464-X.

36. ^ Hevesi, Dennis (2008-11-14). "Florence S. Wald, American pioneer in end-of-life care, Is dead at 91". New York Times.

37. ^ "While Hospice Care Is Growing, Not All Have Access". Forbes. 2008-04-10. http://www.forbes.com/feeds/hscout/2008/04/11/hscout614453.html. Retrieved 2009-03-21.^{[dead link]}

38. ^ "Facts and figures". Help the Hospices. http://www.helpthehospices.org.uk/about-hospice-care/facts-figures/. Retrieved 2009-02-19 and 2012-10-02.

39. ^ End of life care: 1. The current place and quality of end of life care, House of Commons Public Accounts Committee, 30 March 2009, paragraphs 1-3.

40. ^ http://www.helpthehospices.org.uk/about-hospice-care/facts-figures/ Help The Hospices

41. ^ Roguska, Beata, ed. (October 2009). "Hospice and Palliative Care". Polish Public Opinion (CBOS): 1. ISSN 1233-7250.

42. ^ "Objectives". Japan Hospice Palliative Care Foundation. http://www.hospat.org/english/objectives.html. Retrieved 2009-02-21.

43. ^ Ami, S. Ben. "Palliative care services in Israel". Middle East Cancer Consortium. http://mecc.cancer.gov/pallative_care_workshop/ami-palliative_israel.pdf. Retrieved 2009-02-21.

44. ^ Kapoor, Bimla (October 2003). "Model of holistic care in hospice set up in India". Nursing Journal of India. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4036/is_200308/ai_n9246448/. Retrieved 2010-02-06.

45. ^ Pang, Samantha Mei-che (2003). Nursing Ethics in Modern China: Conflicting Values and Competing Role. Rodopi. p. 80. ISBN 90-420-0944-6.

46. ^ Lai, Yuen-Liang; Wen Hao Su (September, 1997). "Palliative medicine and the hospice movement in Taiwan". Supportive Care in Cancer 5 (5): 348. doi:10.1007/s005200050090. ISSN 0941-4355.

47. ^ "Bradbury Hospice". Hospital Authority, Hong Kong. http://www.ha.org.hk/haho/ho/hesd/100170e.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-21. "Established by the Society for the Promotion of Hospice Care in 1992, Bradbury Hospice was the first institution in Hong Kong to provide specialist hospice care."

48. ^ "Russia’s first hospice turns ten". Russia Today. September 21, 2007. http://www.russiatoday.com/Top_News/2007-09-21/Russias_first_hospice_turns_ten_.html. Retrieved 2009-02-21.