- •Contents
- •Text 1 the nature of fire
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. How do you say these expressions in English? Find their equivalents in the text below.
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Match Part 1 with Part 2.
- •Text 2 fire protection engineering
- •1. Look through the texts below and define the main areas of fire protection engineering application.
- •2. Choose one of the applications find out more information at home and inform your groupmates on this application.
- •3. Look through the texts again and make up a list of the terms concerning the fields of fire protection engineering. Learn them and let your groupmate check your knowledge. Text 3 fire awareness
- •1. Make up a list of the words and word – combinations highlighted in the text. Learn them.
- •2. How do you say these expressions in English? Find their equivalents in the text below.
- •3. Read the text carefully and complete the list of the terms given in Ex. 2. Fire prevention
- •4. Read and translate the text below and highlight the terms concerning fire safety. Check them with your groupmates. Fire hazards
- •5. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •1. Before reading the text, name some tasks that every member of the family has to perform to keep home fire safe. Use from the list below:
- •2. While reading the text write out new words, translate them with a dictionary.
- •4. Give the English equivalents of the following:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Text 5 forest fires
- •1. Read the interview and make a list of the reasons for forest fires.
- •2. Find the English equivalents to the following words.
- •3. Translate from Russian into English.
- •4. Use these expressions to tell how to extinguish a forest fire:
- •5. Imagine you are the Russian emergency ministry spokesman in the text. Give a two-minute speech about forest fires. Text 6 the modern fire service
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Translate sentences from Russian into English.
- •6. Tell about modern fire service using the following vocabulary.
- •Text 7 current firefighting practice
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Speak about complicated working conditions of modern firemen. Text 8 water pumps and hose lines
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Speak about various types of equipment used by firemen. Text 9 safety and cutting equipment
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Tell your speech partner about safety and cutting equipment used by fire brigades. Text 10 training procedures
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Imagine you are a recruit. Tell your group mates about your training procedures.
- •Text 2 Fire Facts
- •Text 3 Basic types of fire extinguishers
- •Text 4 Fire Protection Engineering
- •Text 5 Five Famous Forest Fires
- •Glossary
- •References
4. Answer the following questions.
1. Why did the fire service develop at a steadily accelerating pace during the second half of the twentieth century?
2. What innovations did the post-war age see?
3. Why did fire continue to be a threat?
4. What did the resurgence of industry after World War II lead to?
5. What is the other increasing cause of fire in modern society?
5. Translate sentences from Russian into English.
1. В течение второй половины 20 века были разработаны новые материалы и технологии.
2.Существует несколько причин возникновения пожара в жилых помещениях.
3. Пластик при горении выделяет большое количество густого токсичного дыма.
4. Многие семьи пережили подобные трагедии.
5. Необходимо всегда соблюдать правила пожарной безопасности.
6. Tell about modern fire service using the following vocabulary.
The second half of the twentieth century; an accelerating pace; a rapidly changing world; new technologies; new materials; to develop; evolving nature of firefighting; evolving rescue work; the post-war age; introduction; new properties; innovations; to design; in spite of all these improvements; man-made products; the widespread use of electricity the resurgence of industry; modern society; an arson; modern brigades; sophisticated equipment.
Text 7 current firefighting practice
1. Look through the text. Find and write out new words into your copybook.
2. Read the words in bold, if necessary consult a dictionary. Translate them into Russian.
3. Read and translate the text.
Today, various local authorities provide a 24-hour firefighting service that can respond swiftly to an alarm call to any fire or emergency.
A critical part of modern fire brigade operation is the control or despatch centre, which handles all incoming fire and emergency calls and mobilizes response. These centres are staffed 24 hours a day by specialist uniformed personnel who, having despatched fire engines to the scene of an incident, will control all subsequent radio traffic, despatch reinforcements as necessary and generally monitor the progress of operations. In addition to attending emergencies, fire brigades contribute to general fire safety in other ways. They apply fire-prevention legislation and educate the public about general fire safety and awareness through visits to schools, youth groups, retirement homes and hospitals.
Modern firemen are trained to use a wide range of equipment and in the latest firefighting techniques, which involve tackling fires at close quarters inside a burning building. To cope with such adverse conditions as extreme heat, high levels of thick smoke and humidity, their equipment includes a personal breathing set and a flash-proof firefighting kit that enables them to get close to the seat of the fire. Technical aids such as thermal-imaging cameras, which see through smoke, and personal radios further allow modern firefighters to deal with fires and save lives more successfully than ever.
The whole basis of successful modern-day firefighting is to remove one or more of the three constituents of fire in order to extinguish a blaze. In ancient times, a water bucket chain probably only had a modest effect in cooling whatever small fire was burning. Early firefighting efforts also often attempted to remove the material source of the fire from the flames by creating a firebreak — perhaps pulling down a thatched roof in the direct path of the fire, or by the more drastic method of using gunpowder to demolish an entire building. Modern firefighting methods are, thankfully, more sophisticated although water is generally still the most commonly used extinguishing medium the world over. Water readily provides an immediate cooling effect, particularly when applied at high pressure and in fine atomized particles known as water fog. This lowers the ignition source below the temperature at which the combustion process can take place.