- •Contents
- •Text 1 the nature of fire
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. How do you say these expressions in English? Find their equivalents in the text below.
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Match Part 1 with Part 2.
- •Text 2 fire protection engineering
- •1. Look through the texts below and define the main areas of fire protection engineering application.
- •2. Choose one of the applications find out more information at home and inform your groupmates on this application.
- •3. Look through the texts again and make up a list of the terms concerning the fields of fire protection engineering. Learn them and let your groupmate check your knowledge. Text 3 fire awareness
- •1. Make up a list of the words and word – combinations highlighted in the text. Learn them.
- •2. How do you say these expressions in English? Find their equivalents in the text below.
- •3. Read the text carefully and complete the list of the terms given in Ex. 2. Fire prevention
- •4. Read and translate the text below and highlight the terms concerning fire safety. Check them with your groupmates. Fire hazards
- •5. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •1. Before reading the text, name some tasks that every member of the family has to perform to keep home fire safe. Use from the list below:
- •2. While reading the text write out new words, translate them with a dictionary.
- •4. Give the English equivalents of the following:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Text 5 forest fires
- •1. Read the interview and make a list of the reasons for forest fires.
- •2. Find the English equivalents to the following words.
- •3. Translate from Russian into English.
- •4. Use these expressions to tell how to extinguish a forest fire:
- •5. Imagine you are the Russian emergency ministry spokesman in the text. Give a two-minute speech about forest fires. Text 6 the modern fire service
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Translate sentences from Russian into English.
- •6. Tell about modern fire service using the following vocabulary.
- •Text 7 current firefighting practice
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Speak about complicated working conditions of modern firemen. Text 8 water pumps and hose lines
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Speak about various types of equipment used by firemen. Text 9 safety and cutting equipment
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Tell your speech partner about safety and cutting equipment used by fire brigades. Text 10 training procedures
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Imagine you are a recruit. Tell your group mates about your training procedures.
- •Text 2 Fire Facts
- •Text 3 Basic types of fire extinguishers
- •Text 4 Fire Protection Engineering
- •Text 5 Five Famous Forest Fires
- •Glossary
- •References
3. Translate from Russian into English.
1. Многие растения погибли от засухи в этом районе в 1971.
2. Кислотные дожди имеют опустошающий эффект на окружающую среду.
3. Ураган, который поразил Англию в 1987 году, был одним из самых страшных национальных бедствий.
4. Торф, смешанный с почвой, помогает растениям расти хорошо.
5. Вы можете потушить огонь засыпав его песком и зелеными ветками.
6. Среднее количество лесных пожаров увеличивается во время засухи.
7. Оброненная сигарета может вызвать пожар.
8. Чтобы предотвратить пожар необходимо затушить костер после пикника.
9. Ежегодно в России происходит 10000 лесных пожаров. Они служат причиной гибели многих растений и животных.
4. Use these expressions to tell how to extinguish a forest fire:
pour on water..... cover with sand..... cover with young twigs..... call the fire
brigade..... use blankets..... cut down the trees.....
5. Imagine you are the Russian emergency ministry spokesman in the text. Give a two-minute speech about forest fires. Text 6 the modern fire service
1. Look through the text. Find and write out new words into your copybook.
2. Read the words in bold, if necessary consult a dictionary. Translate them into Russian.
3. Read and translate the text.
During the second half of the twentieth century the fire service developed at a steadily accelerating pace as it responded to a rapidly changing world. It embraced new technologies and materials as they were developed, while adapting to the continually evolving nature of firefighting and rescue work and an increasing incidence of emergencies.
The post-war age saw the introduction of better-quality domestic housing and a steady eradication of many traditional causes of fire in older dwellings, such as open fires, paraffin and oil stoves, and cramped cooking conditions. New properties incorporated fire protection within their structure and had better means of escape in case of fire. One innovation, for example, was the self-closing door designed to contain smoke within the affected part of the premises.
Yet, in spite of all these improvements, fire continued to be a threat. Modern homes contained a high level of flammable materials, including plastic and other man-made products such as foam fillings in furniture. When these were involved in fire they emitted considerable quantities of thick toxic smoke that could rapidly fill an entire dwelling with black, choking fumes. Furthermore, they could easily be set alight by a carelessly discarded cigarette. Additionally, the widespread use of electricity and a growing number of domestic electrical appliances in the home gave rise to increasing incidences of fire caused by either malfunction or misuse.
Another cause of fire in the resurgence of industry after World War II was the development of new manufacturing methods, which often involved high temperatures, and the widespread growth of chemical use in the production of new synthetic materials. At the same time, many industrial factories and companies were located in old buildings, few of which were laid out with fire precautions and the safety of the workforce in mind.
In the wake of several major fatal fires in the 1950s, in industrial and other premises where fire precautions had been woefully inadequate, British authorities introduced fire-prevention legislation, and a number of the new laws were enacted. Higher levels of fire safety were required in petrol stations following a fire that caused 11 deaths in Bristol, in 1951; in factory premises after a fire in a West Yorkshire woolen mill in 1956, which directly caused eight deaths; in department stores after 11 shoppers died in Liverpool in 1960; and in licensed club premises following 19 fatalities in Lancashire in 1961. Similar legislation followed fatal fires in hotels, hostels and homes for the elderly. Other countries experiencing similar tragedies introduced fire legislation. Another increasing cause of fire in modern society is arson, whether motivated by criminal intent or insurance fraud purposes. To combat this trend, modern brigades employ trained anti-arson marshals and fire investigation teams. Working closely with law-enforcement agencies, they combine forensic skills with sophisticated equipment.