- •Contents
- •Text 1 the nature of fire
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. How do you say these expressions in English? Find their equivalents in the text below.
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Match Part 1 with Part 2.
- •Text 2 fire protection engineering
- •1. Look through the texts below and define the main areas of fire protection engineering application.
- •2. Choose one of the applications find out more information at home and inform your groupmates on this application.
- •3. Look through the texts again and make up a list of the terms concerning the fields of fire protection engineering. Learn them and let your groupmate check your knowledge. Text 3 fire awareness
- •1. Make up a list of the words and word – combinations highlighted in the text. Learn them.
- •2. How do you say these expressions in English? Find their equivalents in the text below.
- •3. Read the text carefully and complete the list of the terms given in Ex. 2. Fire prevention
- •4. Read and translate the text below and highlight the terms concerning fire safety. Check them with your groupmates. Fire hazards
- •5. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •1. Before reading the text, name some tasks that every member of the family has to perform to keep home fire safe. Use from the list below:
- •2. While reading the text write out new words, translate them with a dictionary.
- •4. Give the English equivalents of the following:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Text 5 forest fires
- •1. Read the interview and make a list of the reasons for forest fires.
- •2. Find the English equivalents to the following words.
- •3. Translate from Russian into English.
- •4. Use these expressions to tell how to extinguish a forest fire:
- •5. Imagine you are the Russian emergency ministry spokesman in the text. Give a two-minute speech about forest fires. Text 6 the modern fire service
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Translate sentences from Russian into English.
- •6. Tell about modern fire service using the following vocabulary.
- •Text 7 current firefighting practice
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Speak about complicated working conditions of modern firemen. Text 8 water pumps and hose lines
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Speak about various types of equipment used by firemen. Text 9 safety and cutting equipment
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Tell your speech partner about safety and cutting equipment used by fire brigades. Text 10 training procedures
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Imagine you are a recruit. Tell your group mates about your training procedures.
- •Text 2 Fire Facts
- •Text 3 Basic types of fire extinguishers
- •Text 4 Fire Protection Engineering
- •Text 5 Five Famous Forest Fires
- •Glossary
- •References
4. How do you say these expressions in English? Find their equivalents in the text below.
Неотъемлемая часть; полагаться; пламя; научная точка зрения; обеспечивать; наоборот; возгораться; топливо; кислород; легко воспламеняемый; загораться; отдаленный; вспышка; проводимость; металлическая балка; брус; горючий; конвекция; потенциальная угроза; дым; быстрое распространение огня; пожарные; блокировать распространение огня.
5. Answer the following questions:
1. What was fire used for in the past?
2. Why was fire an essential part of human existence?
3. Why is the way that fire behaves and spreads so dangerous?
4. What factors are required for a fire to occur?
5. What is direct burning?
6. In what way can heat generated from a fire travel?
7. Why is fire a potential threat to human life and property?
6. Match Part 1 with Part 2.
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) classifies fires into five general categories (U.S.):
Part 1 |
Part 2 |
Class A fires |
a) because of the risk of electrical shock unless a specialized water mist extinguisher is used. |
Class B fires |
b) involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, potassium and sodium as well as pyrophoric organometallic reagents. These materials burn at high temperatures and will react violently with water, air, and/or other chemicals. Handle with care!! |
Class C fires |
c) ordinary materials like burning paper, lumber, cardboard, plastics etc. involve flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, and common organic solvents used in the laboratory. |
Class D fires |
d) kitchen fires. This class was added to the NFPA portable extinguishers Standard 10 in 1998. Kitchen extinguishers installed before June 30, 1998 are "grandfathered" into the standard. |
Class K fires |
e) involve energized electrical equipment, such as appliances, switches, panel boxes, power tools, hot plates and stirrers. Water can be a dangerous extinguishing medium for class |
Text 2 fire protection engineering
1. Look through the texts below and define the main areas of fire protection engineering application.
2. Choose one of the applications find out more information at home and inform your groupmates on this application.
Fire safety engineering is multidisciplinary in nature, having substantial relationships with building services, mechanical, electrical, electronics, chemical, structural and civil engineering and embraces an understanding of human behavior, based on a scientific appreciation of the fire phenomenon, of the effects of fire and of the reaction and behavior of people in order to: save life, protect property and preserve the environment and heritage from destructive fire; quantify the hazards and risk of fire and its effects; mitigate fire damage by proper design, construction, arrangement and use of buildings, materials, structures, industrial processes and transportation systems; evaluate analytically the optimum protective and preventive measures, including design, installation and maintenance of active and passive fire and life safety systems, necessary to limit, within prescribed levels, the consequences of fire.
The discipline of fire protection engineering includes:
Active fire protection - fire suppression systems, and fire alarm.
Passive fire protection - fire and smoke barriers, space separation
Smoke control and management
Escape facilities- Emergency exits, Fire lifts etc.
Building design, layout, and space planning
Fire prevention programs
Fire dynamics and fire modeling
Human behavior during fire events
Risk analysis, including economic factors
Wildfire Management.