FIRE SAFETY

Практикум для студентов I -II курсов очного и заочного отделений направления 280705.65 «Пожарная безопасность»

(английский язык)

Сургут

2012

ДЕПАРТАМЕНТ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ

ХАНТЫ-МАНСИЙСКОГО АВТОНОМНОГО ОКРУГА-ЮГРА

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СУРГУТСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Кафедра иностранных языков № 3

FIRE SAFETY

Практикум для студентов I -II курсов очного и заочного отделений направления 280705.65 «Пожарная безопасность»

(английский язык)

Сургут

2012

Fire Safety: практикум для студ. I-II курсов очного и заочного отделений направления 280705.65 «Пожарная безопасность» (английский язык) / сост. Глушкова В.А., Чулкина Д.В.; Сургут. гос. ун-т. – Сургут, Изд-во СурГУ, 2012. – 29 с.

Данный практикум предназначен для студентов очного и заочного отделений направления 280705.65 «Пожарная безопасность» (английский язык). Он включает в себя два раздела. Первый раздел содержит разнообразные тексты по специальности, пред- и послетекстовые упражнения, направленные на развитие речевых навыков в сфере профессиональной коммуникации. Второй раздел содержит тексты для самостоятельного изучения с целью расширения лексического запаса слов по специальности «Пожарная безопасность».

Представленные в практикуме тексты соответствуют темам рабочей программы по английскому языку, разработанной для студентов направления 280705.65 «Пожарная безопасность».

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета Сургутского государственного университета.

Рецензент: И.А. Курбанов, к. филол.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой методики преподавания английского языка и перевода СурГУ

© Сургутский государственный

университет, 2012

Contents

Chapter I. FIRE SAFETY

Text 1. The Nature of Fire ………………………………………………… 5

Text 2. Fire Protection Engineering ………………………………………. 7

Text 3. Fire Awareness ……………………………………………………. 8

Text 4. Keep Your Home Fire Safe ………………………….……………. 10

Text 5. Forest fires ……………………………………………………..…. 11

Text 6. Modern fire services ……………………………………..……..…. 13

Text 7. Current firefighting practice …………………………..………..…. 15

Text 8. Water pumps and hose lines …………………………..………..…. 16

Text 9. Safety and cutting equipment …………………………………..…. 17

Text 10. Training procedures ………….………………………………..…. 19

Chapter II. TEXTS FOR READING COMPREHENSION

Text 1. Evacuation Procedures ....................................................................... 20

Text 2. Fire Facts ............................................................................................ 21

Text 3. Basic types of fire extinguishers ……………………………………. 22

Text 4. Fire Protection Engineering ……………………………………….... 23

Text 5. Five Famous Forest Fires ………………………………………….... 24

GLOSSARY …………………………………………………………..…..... 27

REFERENCES ……………………………………….……………...….…. 29

Text 1 the nature of fire

1. Look through the text. Find and write out new words into your copybook.

2. Read the words in bold, if necessary consult a dictionary. Translate them into Russian.

3. Read and translate the text.

Through the ages human beings have regarded fire with a combination of awe and terror. It has always been an essential part of human existence, and for millennia people relied on it for warmth, for cooking their food and for keeping wild and predatory animals at bay, at least while the flames burned bright during the darkest hours. The flames also provided light and a relatively comfortable area around which families and other groups could gather. Fire was also important in the development of the use of metals, for it had the power to transform them into all manner of useful tools and equipment. Conversely, fire could also be used as a weapon of war to strike panic and destruction in an opponent's camp.

The way that fire behaves and spreads is what makes it so dangerous. From a purely scientific standpoint, for a fire to occur three separate factors must be present: fuel, which is something that will burn, a high-temperature source of ignition, and oxygen. Once a fire has been started, it can spread easily and quickly in a number of ways. Direct burning is when flames spread to combustible material directly alongside and in contact with what is already on fire. Heat generated from a fire can travel laterally through the air (radiation) and be sufficient to ignite material remote from the original outbreak. When heat travels along solid materials (conduction), such as metal beams and joists, it can ignite combustible materials well away from the initial fire. Finally, heat and products travelling upwards from a fire (convection) can set alight anything combustible above the original outbreak.

Ever since people first learned to live with fire, it has been a potential threat to human life and property, for once flames take hold they can easily kill and wreak devastation. The fumes that fire creates can kill just as easily as the flames. Even small fires in their very early stages can produce large volumes of smoke, particularly when modern man-made materials are burning. In most fire situations, this smoke will be the killer, almost certainly quickly asphyxiating its victims long before the flames reach them. It also has a damaging material effect on personal possessions, the fabric of a home or workplace, and can be a potential threat to livelihood. Smoke levels can increase rapidly by the minute as a fire develops unchecked, as will temperatures and the rapid spread of the fire inside a building. In order for firefighters to successfully carry out rescues and tackle a spreading blaze, therefore, it is imperative that they get to the scene as quickly as possible.