4. Answer the following questions.

1. What kinds of components play vital roles in the functioning of any electronic device? 2. What is the fundamental building block of the circuitry in mobile phones, computers, and several other electronic devices? 3. How many transistors can typical IC have? 4. What vacuum tubes may be used for? 5. What components are used in electronic circuits as energy-storage devices? 6. What kinds ofcapacitors are available nowadays? 7. How is the process of storing energy in the capacitor called? 8. What does capacitance measure? 9. What is the difference between an inductor and resistor? 10. How are electronic components connected together?

Exercises

1. Read the following words and word-combinations. Translate them into Ukraininan.

Vital, rectification, electronic devices, electromagnetic field, ferrite rod, building block, voltage regulation, wire coils, mutual, wrapped, vacuum tubes, small area, storing energy, printed circuit assembly, parallel-plate low-frequency signals, circuitry, capacitor, thereby, fundamental, reduced, to differentiate.

2. Match boxes A and B. Make as many word-combinations as possible. Make up your own sentences.

A	• electronic • passive • wire • active • integrated • electric • electromagnetic • voltage • signal
B	• devices • current • components • circuit • field • coil • regulation • amplification • switching • modulation • rectification

3. Translate the following words and word combinations into English.

Спільний, плаский конденсатор, функціональний блок, зібрана друкована плата, енергонакопичуючі пристрої, таким чином, первинна та вторинна обмотка, випрямлення, простою мовою, відрізнятися, низький опір, високочастотні сигнали, обробка сигналів, огорнутий, зменшений, потік, напівпровідниковий пристрій, життєво неохідна складова.

4. Scan the text. Find synonyms to the following words.

Capability, to vary, joint, as an example, to sweat, produce, basic, wand, to compose, detail, cell phones.

5. Give definitions to the following terms.

Active electronic components, printed circuit board, transistor, vacuum tube, diode, semiconductor device, voltage, amplification, oscillator, vacuum tube, rectification, flow, capacitor, resistor, inductor, transformer.

6. Choose the word in brackets that best fits the sententence. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1. Capacitors are used in electronic circuits as (energy-storage devices/energy-efficient devices). 2. Some of the ICs have billion of (electromagnetic fields/transistors) in a very small area. 3. (Active/passive) electrical component that can store energy in the electric field between a pair of conductors is called "plates". 4. A coil of wire wound on a ferrite (wand/rod). 5. A transformer (transfers/saves) electrical energy between two circuits. 6. It usually consists of two wire coils wrapped around a (heart/core). 7. (Vacuum tubes/ICs) may be used for rectification, amplification, switching, or similar processing or creation of electrical signals.

7. Find Modal Verbs in the text and explain their use. Match the modals can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to, will, would with their uses below.

Modal Verb	Uses
	Necessity / Obligation • Prohibition
	Ability / Possibility • Inability / Impossibility • Asking for permission • Request
	Asking for permission • Future possibility
	Asking for permission • Request • Making arrangements • Invitation • Preferences
	Present possibility • Future possibility
	Saying what’s right or correct
	Asking for permission • Request • Suggestion • Future possibility • Ability in the past
	Offer • Suggestion • Asking what to do
	Saying what’s right or correct • Recommending action • Uncertain prediction •
	Instant decisions • Offer • Promise • Certain prediction