7. Translate the following impersonal sentences, paying attention to their specificities

1. It is well known that personal computers enjoy great popularity among experimenters and hobbyists. 2. It took years to produce a high-speed computer performing a lot of functions. 3. When making up the summary of the article, one should put down the exact title of the article, the author’s name and date of the edition. 4. Concerning these substances one must say that they vary in their composition. 5. When working with these substances one should be very careful. 6. It was once a universal practice to manufacture each of the components separately and then assemble the complete device by wiring (монтаж) the components together with metallic conductors. 7. It should first be made clear what the term “microelectronics” means.

8. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the words and word-combinations: so that, whether, since, till, until, whatever, whenever, in order to, regardless of.

1. The operation part of the instruction is decoded so that the proper arithmetic and logic operation can be performed. 2. It is difficult to establish whether this problem can be solved at all. 3. Programs and data on which the control unit and the arithmetic-logical unit operate must be in internal memory in order to be processed. 4. Whatever we may think of him, there is no doubting his courage. 5. Regardless of the nature of the I/O devices, I/O interfaces are required to convert the input data to the internal codes used by the computer and to convert internal codes to a format which is usable by output devices. 6. The purpose of registers in the ALU is to hold the numbers and results of the calculation until they can be transferred to the memory. 7. Since the computer deals with pulses, the input device is a way of converting numbers written on paper into pulses and sending them to the storage. 8. Come to us whenever you find time. 9. Since scientists had succeeded in developing special films which protect the transistor crystal from other influences a new family of miniaturize instruments appeared. 10. He can’t take part in this conference till he has finished his experiments. 11. Since many elements of the computer during distributed processing can be working on different portions of the same task, the work may be done faster. 12. If one element in the network malfunctions, its workload can be shifted to another element or shared among several elements, so that the entire work is relatively immune to failure. 13. Very often years pass until experiments give the expected results. 14. It was not until after the Second World War that any major advances were made in electronics.

9. Look through the text again and find the sentences with the infinitive translate them and define the form and function of the infinitive.

10. Read the sentences; find Verbals in them and define what they are; translate the sentences.

1. Keyboard enables inputting numerical and text data. 2. Being supplied with a special appliance a television set may have a remote control. 3. The problem to be solved is of great importance to the development of this branch of industry. 4. The necessary data having been obtained, we could continue our experiment. 5. The control unit operates by reading one instruction at a time. 6. These data appeared to have been investigated long ago. 7. He ordered these devices to be repaired as soon as possible. 8. The first amplifying semiconductor device’s having been developed in the USA is well established fact. 9. Computer system architecture is organized around the primary storage unit, all instructions passing through it. 10. An American clerk invented a means of coding the data by punching holes into cards. 11. We were told about the modem’s helping one computer to communicate with other computers thus allowing the individual to access information from all over the world. 12. Accelerating elementary particles can be achieved by high potential. 13. Many scientists of our University continue carrying on serious investigations in the field of electronics. 14. Due to modem computer information can be taken and changed into a signal that can be sent over telephone lines.