6. Answer the questions.

1. What ways of drug administration do you know?

2. Who prescribes the way of drug administration to a patient?

3. What is the difference between the oral and sublingual ways?

4. When is the sublingual way indicated?

5. Why should a physician prescribe rectal administration?

1. What are the ways of parenteral administration? What is the dif­ference between them?

6. What diseases can be treated by inhalation?

7. What is the difference between antiseptic and antipruritic drugs?

7. Correct the wrong statements.

1. The route of drug administration is absolutely unimportant.

2. Oral administration is the route by mouth.

3. If a patient is vomiting, oral administration is advisable.

4. In sudden heart attacks, rectal administration is used.

5. There is only one way of parenteral administration.

6. Subcutaneous injections are given into the buttocks.

7. Intradermal injections are used to cure infarction.

8. Performing the intravenous injection, a physician must be careful.

9. To produce anesthesia, surgeons use intracavitary injections.

IV. Speaking

1. Make up dialogues using the following words and word combinations and the example given.

• Last week I felt myself really terrible. I even had to call a doctor.

• Oh, really? What happened?

• I had a very high temperature, fever they called it. And also these dark spots by my eyes... I hardly stayed on feet.

• Did the doctor come? And what did he do?

• Sure he came. He examined me: took my temperature, blood pressure and performed some tests I can't explain to you.

• And what is the diagnosis?

• Still unknown. I have to wait for the analyses he took. But now I'm taking some drugs, and a nurse comes twice a day to give me intravenous injections. It's quite painful, I must say.

• Well, wait a little. I hope you'll feel better.

1. Heart attack, terrible pain in the chest, sublingual, ambulance, examine, take blood pressure, make an injection, what kind, injec­tion, insist on hospitalization.

2. Raw eggs, poisoning, vomiting, nausea, headache, acute form, drugs, useless, doctor, advice, cleanse the stomach, give absorbing drugs, drink a lot of liquid.

3. Toothache, teeth extracted, local anesthesia, syringe, intradermal injection, normal reaction, successfully.

4. Asthmatic attack, cough, shortness of breath, gasped, my neigh­bour, skilled nurse, aerosol, inhalation, positive effect, improve.

2. Discuss the following issues.

1. What way of taking drugs is the most common? What are the ad­vantages of each way? What are the disadvantages?

2. Give examples of drugs you know and the ways they are used.

3. Which way of drug taking is the most effective? Why?

4. What new ways of drug taking (and treatment) can possibly be discovered with the development of modern science?

3. Find more information on the topics:

• drug addiction;

• medical ethics in prescribing drugs;

• unusual drug toxicity;

• natural drugs (plant drugs) and their usage;

• self-medication;

• drug resistance of microorganisms.