- •Parts of speech
- •The noun General Characteristic
- •The Grammatical Category of Number
- •The Pronunciation
- •The Spelling/Formation
- •Nouns Used only in the Singular
- •Nouns Used only in the Plural
- •Collective nouns
- •The Category of Case
- •The Formation
- •The Pronunciation
- •V. Articles with Nouns in the Possessive Case
- •The adjective General Characteristic
- •Degrees of Comparison
- •Formation
- •Comparative Constructions
- •The adverb General Characteristic
- •Formation
- •II. Degrees of Comparison
- •Some, any, no, none
- •(A) few, (a) little
- •Much, many, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, etc.
- •The verb General Characteristic
- •Present tenses
- •The Present Indefinite (Simple)
- •I. The Formation:
- •II. Spelling of the third person singular forms.
- •III. The Meaning:
- •IV. The Use of the Present Indefinite
- •The Present Indefinite is used to denote future actions
- •The Present Indefinite is used to denote past actions:
- •The Present Continuous (Progressive)
- •I. The Formation.
- •II. Spelling of the –ing forms.
- •III. The Use of Present Continuous.
- •IV. Verbs Not Used in the Continuous Forms.
- •V. The Present Continuous vs. The Present Indefinite.
- •The Present Perfect
- •I. The Formation
- •III. Patterns
- •IV. Time Indication
- •V. The Present Perfect vs. The Past Indefinite
- •VI. The Past Indefinite and the Present Perfect as Variants
- •The Present Perfect Continuous
- •I. The Formation
- •II. The Use of the Present Perfect Continuous
- •III. The Present Perfect Continuous vs. The Present Perfect
- •IV. The Present Perfect Continuous and the Present Perfect as Variants
- •Past tenses
- •The Past Indefinite Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •The Past Continuous Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •III. The Past Continuous vs. The Past Indefinite
- •The Past Perfect Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •III. The Past Perfect vs. The Past Indefinite
- •The Past Perfect Continuous
- •I. The Formation
- •III. The Past Perfect Inclusive vs. The Past Perfect Continuous Inclusive
- •Future tenses
- •The Future Indefinite Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •III. ''Will'' as a modal verb
- •IV. ''Shall'' as a modal verb
- •The Future Continuous Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •The Future Perfect Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •Around the future
- •Reported speech
- •I. Statements
- •II. General Questions
- •III. Special Questions
- •IV. Short Answers
- •V. Commands and Requests
- •VI. Suggestions
- •VII. Advice
- •VIII. Offers
- •IX. Responses
- •Sequence of tenses
- •Modal Verbs in Indirect Speech
- •Question tags
- •I. Formation.
- •II. Agreeing and disagreeing with question tags
- •III. Echo tags
- •The imperative mood
- •I. Formation
- •II. Imperatives with 'let'
The Future Perfect Tense
I. The Formation
The Future Perfect is formed by means of the auxiliary verb ''to have'' in the Future Indefinite and Participle II of the notional verb.
He will have spoken.
Will he have spoken?
He will not have spoken.
II. The Use
1) The Future Perfect is used to denote an action that begins before a certain moment of time in the future and goes up to that moment or into it. We use the tense to make predictions about actions which we expect to be completed by a particular time in the future. Compare:
They will have painted the room by Thursday. (Exclusive)
They will have been married for ten years next Saturday. (Inclusive)
He’ll have had an operation by May and should be a lot fitter then.
Note 1: The following time indications can be used: before, by the time, by then, till/until (only in negative sentences)
He won't have repaired my camera till the end of this week.
The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
I. The Formation
The Future Perfect Continuous is formed by means of the auxiliary verb ''to be'' in the Future Perfect and Participle I of the notional verb.
He will have been speaking.
Will he have been speaking?
He will not have been speaking.
II. The Use
1) The Future Perfect Continuous is used to denote an action that begins before a certain moment of time in the future and goes up to that moment or into it. We focus on the duration of the action. The Future Perfect Continuous is very rarely used. Mostly in can be found with the adverbial by ... for...
By the end of the month he will have been training horses for twenty years.
Around the future
Meaning |
Form |
Example |
Predictions about the future based on somebody's expectations, supposition, hope, etc. (with I think, I believe, maybe, possibly, probably, perhaps, I am afraid, I am sure, etc.) |
will do |
She is afraid her son will fail his exams. My uncle will probably make a speech at the wedding reception. I think Debbie will become a great artist one day. |
Spontaneous decisions |
will do |
What a lovely shirt! I will buy it. |
Predictions based on some evidence |
be going to do |
Look at that tree! It is going to fall. |
Intentions |
be going to do |
We are going to visit our grandparents next week. |
Arrangements and plans for the near future |
Present Continuous |
We are going to the club tonight. |
Timetables and schedules |
Present Indefinite |
The Cup Final takes place on April 13. |
Actions in progress around a specific time in the future |
Future Continuous |
This time tomorrow I will be taking an exam. |
Anticipated actions |
Future Continuous |
I three weeks' time I will be driving my own car! |
Actions that will occur independently of the will of the speaker |
Future Continuous |
The pane will be taking off soon. Hurry up! The bus will be leaving any minute. |
Actions completed before a stated future time |
Future Perfect |
By the time I come back she will have forgotten me. |