- •Parts of speech
- •The noun General Characteristic
- •The Grammatical Category of Number
- •The Pronunciation
- •The Spelling/Formation
- •Nouns Used only in the Singular
- •Nouns Used only in the Plural
- •Collective nouns
- •The Category of Case
- •The Formation
- •The Pronunciation
- •V. Articles with Nouns in the Possessive Case
- •The adjective General Characteristic
- •Degrees of Comparison
- •Formation
- •Comparative Constructions
- •The adverb General Characteristic
- •Formation
- •II. Degrees of Comparison
- •Some, any, no, none
- •(A) few, (a) little
- •Much, many, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, etc.
- •The verb General Characteristic
- •Present tenses
- •The Present Indefinite (Simple)
- •I. The Formation:
- •II. Spelling of the third person singular forms.
- •III. The Meaning:
- •IV. The Use of the Present Indefinite
- •The Present Indefinite is used to denote future actions
- •The Present Indefinite is used to denote past actions:
- •The Present Continuous (Progressive)
- •I. The Formation.
- •II. Spelling of the –ing forms.
- •III. The Use of Present Continuous.
- •IV. Verbs Not Used in the Continuous Forms.
- •V. The Present Continuous vs. The Present Indefinite.
- •The Present Perfect
- •I. The Formation
- •III. Patterns
- •IV. Time Indication
- •V. The Present Perfect vs. The Past Indefinite
- •VI. The Past Indefinite and the Present Perfect as Variants
- •The Present Perfect Continuous
- •I. The Formation
- •II. The Use of the Present Perfect Continuous
- •III. The Present Perfect Continuous vs. The Present Perfect
- •IV. The Present Perfect Continuous and the Present Perfect as Variants
- •Past tenses
- •The Past Indefinite Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •The Past Continuous Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •III. The Past Continuous vs. The Past Indefinite
- •The Past Perfect Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •III. The Past Perfect vs. The Past Indefinite
- •The Past Perfect Continuous
- •I. The Formation
- •III. The Past Perfect Inclusive vs. The Past Perfect Continuous Inclusive
- •Future tenses
- •The Future Indefinite Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •III. ''Will'' as a modal verb
- •IV. ''Shall'' as a modal verb
- •The Future Continuous Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •The Future Perfect Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •I. The Formation
- •Around the future
- •Reported speech
- •I. Statements
- •II. General Questions
- •III. Special Questions
- •IV. Short Answers
- •V. Commands and Requests
- •VI. Suggestions
- •VII. Advice
- •VIII. Offers
- •IX. Responses
- •Sequence of tenses
- •Modal Verbs in Indirect Speech
- •Question tags
- •I. Formation.
- •II. Agreeing and disagreeing with question tags
- •III. Echo tags
- •The imperative mood
- •I. Formation
- •II. Imperatives with 'let'
IV. Verbs Not Used in the Continuous Forms.
Verbs of sense perception: |
see, hear, taste, feel, smell, sound, taste, notice, observe |
Verbs of feelings and emotions: |
admire, adore, appreciate, care for, detest, dislike, forgive, hate, like, loathe, love, mind (care), respect, value |
Verbs denoting mental activity and opinion: |
agree, assume, believe, expect (= think), feel (=think), forget, know, mean, object, perceive, realize, recall, recognize, recollect, remember, see (understand), trust, understand, remind |
Verbs denoting wish: |
wish, want, desire, prefer |
Verbs of possessing: |
have, owe, own, possess, belong to, lack, include |
Verbs of existing or being: |
be, consist of, contain, exist |
Verbs denoting abstract relations: |
appear (= seem), apply to (to be true to, to have reference to), compare, concern (to be of importance), cost, depend on, deserve, differ from, interest, seem, consist, contain, hold (=contain), keep(=continue), matter, measure, resemble, stand for, weigh, allow, astonish, claim, fail to do, find, forbid, forgive, keep doing, manage to do, need, prevent, puzzle, resemble, result, require, satisfy, signify, feel, smell, sound, succeed, suit, surprise |
Note 1: A stative verb may be used in the Present Continuous without a basic change in the meaning. This expresses great intensity of feeling. This use is rare and can be found only in highly emotional context.
Don't shout! I am hearing you quite well.
Are you still remaining my friend?
Note 2: The division of verbs into those which admit of the Continuous form and those which do not admit of it is purely traditional. The Continuous tenses are chiefly used for deliberate actions. Those which mean involuntary actions are used in simple tenses. Can is often used with see, hear, feel, taste, smell, understand and remember to give a kind of continuous meaning.
He is listening to the radio. I hear nothing.
I can see Sue coming down the road.
Can you smell something burning?
Note 3: Occasionally “non-continuous” verbs are used in continuous forms in order to emphasize the idea of change or development (a gradual change in the quality or intensity of the idea expressed by the verb).
These days, more and more people prefer/are preferring to take early retirement.
The water tastes/is tasting better today.
As I get older, I remember/am remembering less and less.
I am liking it here more and more as the time goes by.
I am loving this music.
A verb can have several meanings only one of which makes it a stative verb. In other meanings such a verb may be freely used in the Present Continuous.
Verb |
Use in the Present Simple |
Use in the Present Continuous |
be |
a stative verb
|
be = behave
|
have |
have = possess
|
have = experience
have = give
have = take
|
see |
see = understand
see = use the power of sight
|
see = meet by appointment
see = visit as a tourist
see=go out with
see about = make arrangements or enquiries
see to = arrange, put right, deal with
see smb home/out /to some place = escort
see smb off – say good-bye to a departing traveller at the starting point of the journey
|
hear |
hear = perceive with the ears
|
hear = listen formally to
hear = receive news (only in the Present Perfect Continuous and the Future Continuous)
|
think |
think = have an opinion
|
think = a process of thought
|
expect |
expect = believe
|
expect = await
|
feel |
feel = be in a certain state
Also
feel = be (a link verb)
feel = sense
feel = think
|
feel = touch
feel = try to find
|
look |
look = be (a link verb)
|
look = a deliberate action
look for = search
|
smell |
smell = be (a link verb)
smell = perceive a scent
|
smell = sniff at
|
taste |
taste = be (a link verb)
|
taste = taste the flavour of
|
appear |
appear = seem
|
appear = to come before the public
|
admire |
admire = have a high regard for
|
admire = look at with admiration
|
consider |
consider = have an opinion
|
consider = study
|