Must You __________________________________.

7. The board of directors was made to take into consideration shadow financial propositions.

Have to The directors ________________________.

8. Explosives are not permitted for transportation.

Be to People ________________________________.

Reading 2

1. Give your comments on the following statements.

   • Logistics is an important management tool.

   • Today there is a great lack of specialists in logistics.

   • Logistics is a perspective science.

2. Now read the text and see if your comments were right.

Logistics Can Do Everything

• When and how did the development of Logistics begin?

Its rapid development began only since 1980 till mid-90s in industrial countries of the west. At that time the definite idea of logistics development was maximal integration of logistics function of a company and its logistics partners in the so-called complete logistics circle to achieve the final goal of business with minimal expenses. Logistics boom can be explained by considerable changes in the world economy: revolutionary development of IT and telecommunication systems, market globalization.

• Is there a separate business definition of logistics?

From the point of view of business logistics is an important management tool involved in solving strategic tactical and operation problems of business organization. It is known that the aim of business is to reduce expenses and to get income and profit. Experience of highly-developed countries shows, that logistics plays a strategically important role in the market.

• What is the strategically important role of logistics in modern business? How is logistics applied practically?

The leading companies of the developed countries use logistical conceptions in their activities, among them there are time-, resources- and demand-oriented logistics. That is why the company strategy must be based on a definite conception of logistics. It can be either expansion of market or minimizing logistics expenses. In both cases it is necessary to unite efforts of all the company’s employees and logistics specialists in management of material, financial, informational and transport streams in a complete supply chain.

• What is the reason for insufficient attention to logistics in society and business circles?

Unfortunately, many companies’ managers and officials who have a very vague idea of logistics potential do achieve business goals. Today there is a great lack of specialists in logistics and popular showing the contents of logistics.

• Why is Logistics a perspective science?

Logistics becomes firmly established as a universal scientific tool of more organized and effective rational management not only of material streams of goods, but also of any stream processes having spatial and time continuity, for example, in law, banking, medicine, tourism etc.

(edited from http://www.smt.com.au)

3. Choose the correct variant.

1. In management it is necessary to unite efforts of all company’s employees and ___________.

1. personnel managers

2. logistics specialists

3. security

2. Logistics boom can be explained by ________.

1. demographic boom

2. foreign invasions

3. economic trends

3. Nowadays there is a lack of ____________.

1. logistics specialists

2. logistics conceptions

3. competitive businesses

4. Logistics operations can be oriented on ________.

1. time

2. demand

3. resources

5 . Logistics is a tool of ________.

1. organized and effective management

2. manufacturing and transportation

3. marketing and distribution

6. The aim of business is to _________.

a) reduce expenses and get income

b) optimize production

c) employ logistics specialists

4. In the second paragraph of the text you can find a description of logistics as a management tool. Look at the range of objects below.

Imagine that business organization is a house (a car/a computer) and say what component in it logistics is. Explain why.

Language Focus: Vocabulary

1. a) Match the words with their definitions.

demand	a. a deposit of smth
resource	b. money that is spent for a particular purpose
consumer	c. a plan that a person uses to achieve smth
expenses	d. what will probably happen
trend	e. giving professional advice
strategy	f. need for smth among a group of people
execution	g. a person who buys things or uses services
outlook	h. a general movement or direction
counseling .	i. carrying out a plan, order j. k. l.

2. Find three more words from the text and write definitions for them.

2. Make up word combinations and use them in sentences of your own.

rational	consumer
productive	development
final	countries
current	plans
revolutionary	data
economic	conceptions
demand-oriented	thinking
strategic	logistics
developed	management
up-to-date	economy
holistic	trends

3. Fill in the gaps using the words from the box.

goods and services business professional excellence

supply-chain management effective techniques in the right place

manufacturing the customer efficient to promote

The Institute of Logistics and Transport (ILT) is the professional body for Transport, Logistics and integrated 1)_________. As the most modern techniques in Logistics and Transport are focused on professional excellence and development, the Institute aims to encourage the adoption of politics that are both 2)_______ and sustainable. The Institute of Logistics and Transport was formed in June, 1999.

ILT Mission Statement: Be focused on 3)_________, the development of the most relevant and 4)_________ in logistics and transport and the development of policies which respond to the challenges of the changing world!

The Original Royal Charter of the ILT quotes the objectives: “5)_________, encourage and coordinate the study of the science, the art of transport”. Modern 6)_________ logistics is based on much the same concept. It sets out to deliver exactly what 7)_______________ wants at the right time, 8)____________, and at the right price. Very often transport is a major component of the supply chain which delivers to the customer 9)_____________ needed.

Logistics is the process of designing, managing and improving such supply chains which might include purchasing, 10)_____________, storage and, of course, transport.

(edited from http://ciltuk.org.uk)

4. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1. Стратегическое мышление необходимо при составлении глобальных бизнеспланов.

2. Для успешного управления компанией предприниматели прибегают к услугам логистических специалистов.

3. Основной задачей предприятия является сокращение расходов и получение прибыли.

4. Современные предприниматели осознают важность логистики в оптимизации процессов закупки, перевозки, производства, складирования и распространения.

5. Лицо или компания, которая пользуется товарами и услугами является потребителем.

6. Главный аспект цепи поставки, грузоперевозка, осуществляет доставку товаров потребителю.

7. Продажа товаров через Интернет ресурсы устраняет проблему нехватки места для хранения новой продукции.

8. Перемещение производства в страны Азии поможет сохранить уровень дохода.

9. Производителю пришлось распродавать товар со скидкой, чтобы избежать банкротства.

10. Реклама не является пустой тратой денег, так как помогает привлекать новых покупателей.

Writing

1. Study the summary writing tips carefully.