Answer Key

Module 1.

Tune In.

Ex.1

Suggested answers: Transport, product, shop, goods, distribution…etc

Reading 1

Ex. 4

through = via

to buy smth = to purchase

to remove load from a vehicle, ship = to unload

to take smth somewhere by a large road vehicle = to truck

to deliver goods or make them available for people to buy = to ship

a commercial building for keeping goods = warehouse

selling goods in shops to customers = retailing

Pronunciation

Ex. 1 b)

Country	Capital/Large city	Nationality
Thailand	Bangkok	Thai
China	Peking	Chinese
Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	Malay / Malaysian
Romania	Bucharest	Romanian
India	Delhi	Indian
Argentina	Buenos Aires	Argentinean
Pakistan	Islamabad	Pakistani
Canada	Vancouver	Canadian
Taiwan	Taipei	Taiwanese

Ex. 2 a)

Country	Capital	Nationality
Turkey	Ankara	Turkish
Spain	Madrid	Spanish
Japan	Tokyo	Japanese
Sweden	Stockholm	Swedish
Switzerland	Bern	Swiss
Austria	Vienna	Austrian
Belarus	Minsk	Belarusian
Syria	Damascus	Syrian
Portugal	Lisbon	Portuguese
Greece	Athens	Greek
Italy	Rome	Italian
Poland	Warsaw	Polish

Grammar

Ex. 1

active	passive
Look	may have been manufactured, formed, sent
are wearing	may be taken
may look	may be manufactured
is	may be made, sewn
took	are manufactured, trucked
can wear	are shipped
are	are unloaded
make up	are shipped out
Let’s say
are wearing
go
shop
purchase

Ex 3. Transform active into passive and vice versa.

Active	Passive
1. Logistics managers regulate the retail chain.	1. The retail chain is regulated by logistics managers.
2. Stores are placing orders at the moment.	2. At the moment orders are being placed by stores.
3. They unloaded goods into a warehouse.	3. Goods were unloaded into a warehouse.
4. The company has purchased textile raw materials.	4. Textile raw materials have been purchased (by the company) recently.
5. They will ship products via ocean.	5. These days ship products will be shipped via ocean.
6. Indians can make synthetics.	6. If there is demand synthetics can be made by Indians.
7. The Portuguese may have manufactured the shirts from silk.	7. The shirts may have been manufactured from silk in Portugal.

Ex.5.

1. Logistics is movement of goods. = Logistics is the process when goods are moved.

2. L. is the process when materials, products and related information are managed and stored.

3. Logistics is the process when a plan or activity is made successful through practical arrangements.

4. L. is the process when the flow of goods, energy, information and other resources are managed and controlled.

5. L. is the process when the goods are efficiently delivered at the required place, time, in the required state and to the required person.

6. L. is the process when supply chains are designed, managed and improved.

Reading 2

Ex. 2b)

Supplier => purchasing => warehousing raw materials => manufacturing => product warehousing => transport => customers + info systems + inventory control (on all levels)

Ex. 3

• competitiveness

• unavoidable costs

• stock

• shortening

• in transit

• profitability

• transfer

• on hand

• assembled

• scale

• crucial

• run

• sophisticated

• on order

Vocabulary

Ex. 1. Suggested answers

To control – inventory, process of manufacturing

To purchase leather, cotton, sugar

To warehouse – assembled products, aircraft kits

To transport – metals, chemicals

To import/export – animals, gases of all nature

Ex 2.

p	f	c	s	m	w	o	k	d	m	p	r
l	t	o	m	k	a	r	s	t	o	c	k
o	g	s	j	k	r	p	h	n	y	n	w
g	m	t	k	f	e	r	g	o	o	d	s
i	p	u	r	c	h	a	s	e	p	w	h
s	m	k	w	j	o	p	n	z	r	k	i
t	f	r	u	n	u	j	l	s	o	k	p
i	v	x	t	u	s	l	e	u	d	w	m
c	r	e	t	a	i	l	w	p	u	h	e
s	b	r	k	h	n	s	l	p	c	e	n
a	k	e	s	l	g	q	p	l	t	x	t
c	o	n	s	u	m	e	r	y	q	x	g

Ex 3.

1. stocked

2. warehouse

3. has purchased

4. production run

5. raw materials

6. transferred

7. on order

8. ship out

9. on hand

Ex 4a)

1. of; 2. in; 3. through; 4. of. 5. of 6. from; 7. – to; 8-in 9.for. 10. on; 11 – to; 12 – in; 13. –with; 14 – of; 15 – of; 16 – across; 17. – at.

Ex 5.

1. Supply chain ensures the delivery of goods to the consumer on time and with minimal expenses.

2. A warehouse is a commercial building designed for storage of goods.

3. Purchasing of these products is possible only after the order is placed.

4. Italy is a well-known supplier of such raw materials as leather and cotton.

5. Improvement of information systems optimizes the processes of transportation, warehousing and distribution.

6. Competitiveness and profitability are the main criteria of a successful business.

7. Inventory is important to get the information about a final product which is on hand.

8. Modern logistics should be oriented on effective consumer fulfillment.

9. Transportation can be provided by various means.

10. Integrated logistics helps to shorten the time and money spent on the production run.

Listening

Ex. 2a) Suggested answers

Control inventory

Optimize transportation

Handle documentation

Optimize warehousing

Find suppliers

Deal with clients

Negotiate with foreign partners

Market the products

Create supply chains

Writing

Model Paragraph

I have chosen logistics as my future career for several reasons. Firstly, it is a relatively new business area, so it is interesting to explore and improve it. For example, I could optimize supply chains to make the company competitive. The second reason is globalization. To prove, there are a lot of international logistics companies that need specialists from all over the world. I am interested in English, so it is very important for me. Finally, logistics encompasses a variety of functional areas, so anyone could find a job to his liking. For instance, I would like to work in the sphere of inventory control. To sum it up, logistics is a very perspective profession. (115 words)

Module 2

Tune in

Ex. 2

Present business organization	Efficient logistics process
- dynamic	- flexible
-developing	-profound
-competitive	-holistic
-profitable	-agile
-professional	-accurate
-beneficial	-inventive
-risky	-sophisticated

Reading1

Ex.2

1 F – smaller number of initiatives

2 T

3 T

4 F – 2 years

5 F – holistic business plans are important

6 F – current state of economy

7 T

Ex.3

1. holistic

2. profitable, beneficial

3. agile

4. indisputable

5. sophisticated, complex

6. sensible

Ex. 4

strategic thinking, extensive planning, sophisticated organization, accurate execution, inventive business owners, up-to-date information, business counseling, sensible outlook, integrated logistics, agile steps

Pronunciation

Ex.2

One stress	Two stresses
-development	-profit-oriented
-bureau	-far-reaching
-realize	-long-range
-executive	-understand
-purchasing	-economic
-meaningful	-information
-initiative	-population
-successful	-up-and-coming
-integrate	-demographic

Grammar

Ex.1

A – necessary

B – good idea

C – necessary

D – necessary

E - possible

F – acceptable, good idea

G – not acceptable

Ex.2

1 –d

2 –e

3 – a

4 – g

5 – i

6 – h

7 – f

8 – b

9 – c

Ex.3

1. It may depend on the accurate organization

2. The company must have failed the project.

3. They should look at current trends

4. You needn’t confirm the information

5. They might have applied a new strategy.

6. You mustn’t change any aspect of cooperation agreement.

7. The directors have to take into consideration shadow financial propositions.

8. People are to have permission to transport explosives.

Reading 2

Ex.3

1 – b

2 – c

3 – a

4 – a,b,c

5 – a

6 –b

Ex. 4

If business organization is a house, then logistics is the system of pipes and wires, because it helps to transport water, heating, gas, electricity to the places where they are needed.

Vocabulary

Ex. 1

1 –f

2 – a

3 – g

4 – b

5 – h

6 – c

7 – i

8 – d

9 – e

Ex.2

1. rational management

2. productive economy

3. final consumer

4. current trends

5. revolutionary development

6. economic conceptions

7. demand-oriented logistics

8. strategic thinking

9. developed countries

10. up-to-date data

11. holistic plans

Ex.3

1. supply-chain management

2. efficient

3. professional excellence

4. effective techniques

5. to promote

6. business

7. the customer

8. in the right place

9. goods and services

10. manufacturing

Ex.4

1. Strategic thinking is important while developing holistic business plans.

2. To run a successful company entrepreneurs use the services of logistics specialists.

3. The main goal of a business is to reduce expenses and get income.

4. Modern entrepreneurs realize the importance of logistics in optimizing the process of purchasing, transportation, manufacturing, warehousing and distribution.

5. A person or a company using goods and services is a consumer.

6. The main aspect of a supply chain, transportation, ensures the delivery of goods to the customer.

7. On-line sales eliminate the problem of shortage of place for storage of a new product.

8. Shifting production to Asian countries helps maintain profit margins.

9. The manufacturer had to sell the product off at a discount to avoid bankruptcy.

10. Advertising is not a waste of money as it helps attract new customers.

Writing

Model Summary

The title of the text is Logistics can do everything. As the title implies the text describes the strategically important role of logistics in modern business. The author points out some facts about the development of logistics. It is specially noted that logistics is an important management tool. Much attention is given to the fact that how logistics is applied practically. A mention should be made that there is insufficient attention to logistics in society and business circles. The aim of the text is to show that logistics is a perspective science.

Listening

Ex.1

1 – d, b

2 – i, j

3 – g, a

4 – c, f

5 – e, h

Ex.3

1. sell direct online

2. out of business within 6 months

3. this may cause problems for their consumers

4. unsold goods take place of newly developed ones

5. the person is not only downloading data from the server but recording meetings and conversations.

Module 3

Tune in

Ex.1

Lack of information

Lack of strategic plan

Not enough place for storage

Not effective time management

Too expensive raw materials

Damage/loss of goods while transporting

Reading 1

Ex.1

Increase: productivity, income ….

Minimize: cost, damage, interest loss

Optimize: production, manufacturing, transportation, storage, inventory

Maintain: profit margins, service level

Ex.3

1. d

2. a

3. A

4. C

5. D

6. B

7. B

8. D

9. C

10. A

11. B

Ex.4

1. profit margins

2. retailers

3. production capacity

4. suppliers

5. wholesalers

6. inventory

7. mode of transport

8. shortages

9. interest losses

10. distribution centers

Ex.6

Supplier: Which supplier should we buy from? Do we purchase raw materials or assembled goods?

Manufacturing: How much product can we produce at a production run? What manufacturing facilities do we need?

Inventory: What stages should inventory be carried out at? How should inventory be optimized?

Transportation: What mode of transport should we use? How can we reduce transportation costs?

Distribution: Are there warehousing facilities at distribution centers? Should we advertise the product?

Retailer: What retailing outlets should we cooperate with? Should we employ merchandisers?

Pronunciation

Ex.1

	Noun	Verb
1. increase		√
2. process	√
3. increase		√
4. abstract	√
5. subject	√	√
6. transport	√
7. abstract		√
8. export	√
9. transport		√
10. decrease		√
11. import	√
12. object		√

Grammar

Ex. 1

2. If the plan weren’t so long term, it would be easier to implement it.

3. If we don’t sign the contracts with suppliers now, several delays will follow without paying.

4. If the director had accepted the help of a logistics specialist, he would have managed to write a plan.

5. If they don’t deliver raw materials on time, they will have interest losses.

6. If we don’t pay the warehouse rent on time, the owners might refuse to prolong it.

7. If there were enough trucks, the suppliers would deliver goods in time.

Ex.2

1. – What would you do if your only supplier were about to go bankrupt?

= If my only supplier were about to go bankrupt I would buy his company out.

2. - …if you wanted to maintain your profit level with rising labour costs?

=…I would shift production to somewhere else.

3. -…if your company had unsold goods in the warehouse?

= …I would sell it direct online.

4. - …if someone in your company passed on the information to the rivals?

= …I would call the police.

Ex.3

2. I wish I had known more about e-commerce.

3. I wish I hadn’t shifted production to South-East Asia.

4. I wish I had sold the old product off.

5. I wish I had restricted access to important files.

6. I wish I had used more suitable packaging.

7. I wish I had established the right cost.

Reading 2

Ex.3

1. C

2. A

3. D

4. E

Ex.5

Integrated=pooled

Delivering=procuring

Development=evolution

To reduce=shorten

Manufacturing=producing

Scale=scope

Predicting=prognosticating

Success=prosperity

Long-lived=long-term

Benefit=revenue

Connecting = interlinking

Manifold=many times

Step by step=consistently

Ex.6

Stage	Characteristics
the earlier stage	physical distribution management, inventory reduction and shorten order response time by integrating warehousing and transportation
The next stage	addition of manufacturing, procurement and order management function, which was made possible through electronic data interchange, communication and information technology developments on a large scale
Today	aimed at integrating the extended supply chain, connecting customers at one end and suppliers at the other making it a highly complex structure.
in the future	will play the most critical part in providing competitive edge to any organization

Ex 7. Model Summary

The title of the text is What Is Supply Chain Management. As the title implies, the text describes supply chain management. He author points out the definition of SCM. It is specially noted about the earlier stage of SCM development. Much attention is given to the aim of SCM today. A mention should be made that it will play a a very critical part in the future. The text gives valuable information on the three key strategies of growth. The aim of the text is to show that SCM help achieve long-lived prosperity.

Language focus: Vocabulary

1. franchise

2. inventory

3. manifold

4. downsize

5. prosperity

6. wholesaler

7. shortage

ex.2

Pool: skills, resources, ideas, money

Interchange: data, ideas

Interlink: operation

Prognosticate: role, future, development

Procure: products

Downsize: employees, suppliers, manufacturers

ex.3

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Ex.4a)

1. planning

2. Raw materials

3. finished

4. scale

5. operations

6. order

7. purchase

8. stocks

9. costs

10. tracking

11. warehouse

12. supplier

13. manufacturer

14. supply chain

Ex. 5

1. Mode choice depends on type of cargo.

2. Supply chain management means the cooperation between suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers.

3. In just-in-time manufacturing inventory expenses are considerable reduced.

4. Very often suppliers do not follow all the contract terms and delay the delivery of goods.

5. Because of unsuitable packaging most of goods were damaged while transportation.

6. Franchising is the permission to sell company’s goods and services.

7. After downsizing many experienced employees became unemployed.

8. The final goal of any entrepreneur is to do everything possible for company’s prosperity.

9. Strategic planning ensures the reduction of delivery expenses, not affecting the service level.

Listening

Ex. 1 Suggested answers

• expensive calls

• interruptions

• -busy line

Writing

Model e-mail

Ex. 2

To: Marketing Department

From: John Barber

Subject: Conference centre

Hello MD,

Good for you to be thinking about the presentation already! I think I know a place where it can be held, that is Holliday Inn, which is big enough and has excellent facilities. Hope you’ll find this info useful.

Best wishes,

JB

Module 4

Reading 1

ex.1a

peak/non-peak time

international regulation

mode of transport

shipment documents

inventory control

ex. 2

1. Tactics of transportation

2. Distribution services

3. Operational fleet routing and loading

4. Land use forecasting

5. Intelligent transportation system

ex. 3

1. a. aggregate, consolidate orders

b. orders along the same route

2. a. primary: manufacturer => distribution centre

secondary: distr. centre => stores

b. the physical process of delivering material goods.

3. a. spatial capacity of containers; time for delivery + loading/unloading; peak/non peak hours

b. each vehicle has particular dimensions: a practical limit of the cargo weight placed on it, and the space this cargo takes.

4. a. cost, route, frequency of origins and destinations, transport mode

b. the intervals with which the transport need to go from origin to destination

5. a. minimize handling expenses; better control, accessibility

b. extra expenses related to the cost of loading, unloading, insurance, usages of containerlifts etc.

ex.4

1. to aggregate - f) to put things together

2. compatible - p) existing together without causing a problem

3. to split - r) to divide or separate smth into groups

4. to fit - g) to be the right shape and size for smth

5. backhaul - n) empty container coming back

6. freight - d) goods that are carried by ship, train or aircraft

7. overall - k) including everything, holistic

8. mileage - i) the number of miles a vehicle has travelled

9. delivery - q) the process of bringing goods to the required place

10. vessel - s) a ship or long boat

11. stipulated - j) done on agreement

12. to pick up - c) to get or to collect things

13. framework - o) limits, boundaries

14. sequential - e) happening logically one after another

15. origin - b) the place from where smth begins

16. assignment - a) a task, a piece of work

17. to allocate - h) to decide where to place smth

18. spatial - m) concerning the position, size, shape of things

19. to transmit - t) to pass information, to broadcast

20. to forward - l) to move from one place to another

ex5.

flow = shipment

aggregate = consolidate

producing = generating

provided = supported

vehicles and vessels = fleet

scheduled = stipulated

matches = fit

data = information

splitting ≠ pooling

increase ≠ minimize

drop-off ≠ pick-up

loaded ≠ off-loaded

non-peak ≠ peak

arrival ≠ departure

destination ≠ origin

Ex. 6

to consolidate to assign

to rate to plan

to generate

t o split

to manage to organize

to optimize

to aggregate to examine

to route

to reduce

to schedule to track

Grammar

4. Choose the right form of verb: to do/doing

11. The group offered to distribute the services.

12. The manufactures risk reducing the profit margins.

13. The typical transportation optimizer put off aggregating orders.

14. Producer denied planning and tracking deliveries.

15. The customer plans to minimize handling expense.

16. Specialists managed to view over the web the progress of deliveries.

17. All transportation companies tend to change the terms of supply.

18. The company’s drivers keep on operating the truck skillfully and safely.

19. Tibbet&Britten will continue to support/supporting rail and intermodal operations.

20. The transportation forecasts are suggested being made for our region.

2. How would you feel about doing these jobs? In your sentences use one of these: I’d like to/I wouldn’t like to; I’d love to; I’d hate; I wouldn’t mind. (possible variants)