- •Reviewing anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system
- •Mind the pronunciation:
- •Descriptive words for the heart murmurs:
- •Descriptive words for the arterial pulse:
- •Descriptive words for the heart sounds:
- •Ex. 7. Match the proper meaning of the words and their definitions:
- •Ex. 8. Read and translate into Russian:
- •Grammar
- •Pericarditis
- •Cardiovascular Diseases
- •Endocarditis
- •Angina Pectoris
- •Case: Chest Pain
- •What are the most common kinds of heart disease?
- •Effects of Myocardial Hypoxia
- •Hypertension
- •Renitec
- •Indications.
- •3. Express the main idea of the text in several sentences. Congenital heart disease
- •Rheumatic Fever and the Heart
- •2. Say which statements are false.
- •3. Which information in the text you didn’t know?
- •4. Retell the text using the true statements.
- •Coronary artery disease
- •1. Study the text “Pericarditis”. Read the passage dealing with the etiology of disease and express its content in 3-4 sentences.
- •2. Find and translate in a written form the passage dealing with the inspection of patients suffering pericarditis.
- •3. Convey the main idea of the text using the following models:
- •Pericarditis
- •Texts for listening comprehension
- •Blue Color (cyanosis)
- •Dizziness
- •Fatigue
- •Heart Rate Changes
- •Reviewing anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract
- •0 2 And co 2 transport and internal respiration.
- •Grammar
- •Common Respiratory Disorders
- •Characterizing Percussion Sounds
- •Radiography
- •Common symptoms of the diseases of the respiratory tract
- •Patients with diseases of the respiratory system
- •Acute Pharyngitis
- •Laryngitis
- •Bronchitis Acute
- •Bronchial asthma
- •Pleurisy
- •Pneumonia
- •Lung Cancer
- •Tuberculosis
- •Test yourself
- •Reviewing anatomy and physiology of gastrointestinal tract
- •How to Get Patients to Describe Abdominal Pain
- •Common digestive disorders
- •Gastritis
- •Chronic and Acute Gastritis
- •Ulcer Peptic (Duodenal)
- •Peptic Ulcer
- •Indigestion (Dyspepsia)
- •Gastroenteritis
- •Gastric Carcinoma
- •Carcinoma of the Stomach
- •Cancer Esophagus
- •Maalox Suspension
- •Texts for listening comprehension
- •Weight Loss
- •Nausea and Vomiting
- •Neoplasm
- •Test yourself
- •Reviewing Anatomy and Physiology
- •1.) Make up questions to ask about patient`s complaints.
- •2.) Dramatize the dialogue.
- •Assessing for Gallbladder Disease
- •Hepatitis - Viral
- •Cholecystitis-Acute
- •Cholecystitis
- •Acute Cholecystitis
- •Cholelithiasis and Related Disorders
- •Viral Hepatitis
- •Cirrhosis and Fibrosis
- •Fatty Liver
- •Test yourself
- •Contents
Pericarditis
Inflamation of sac that surrounds the heart (peri=around; cardium=heart).
The patients complain of a severe chest pain. Sometimes it becomes worse with inspiration (breathing in) and is improved with position change. The patients admit the pain not to be associated with exercise, nausea, vomiting or sweating.
The doctors consider pericarditis to be caused by viral infection, bacterial infection or inflammation without infection. It can occur after heart attack or after heart surgery and end-stage of kidney disease.
Bacterial infection is very serious and must be carefully treated. Inflammatory pericarditis needs to be treated with medicine against inflammation until symptoms resolve (as long as accumulation of fluid does not occur). If so, it may require drainage.
Pericarditis can be confused with other sources of chest pain. It is therefore imperative the chest pain be evaluated immediately to determine its cause.
Ex. 14. Read the text. State the main ideas of it in a written form. Retell the text according to the plan.
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases are now the leading cause of death and disability among the adults over 40 in industrialized societies.
There are some risk factors that may lead to diseases of the heart – there are disorders in fat metabolism, emotional and mental stress, drinking and smoking, and physical inactivity.
There are ways of classifying heart diseases. The 3 layers of the heart wall form the basis for one grouping of heart pathology, as follows:
Endocarditis, which means inflammation of the “lining” of the heart cavities, but which most commonly affects the valves of the heart.
Myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle.
Pericarditis, referring to the disease of the serous membrane of the heart surface.
Another more generally used classification of heart disease is based on causative and age factors. On this basis the more common kinds of heart disease are:
Congenital heart diseases, that are present at birth (such as septal defects of tetralogy of Fallot – a combination of four congenital defects).
Rheumatic heart disease which begins with an attack of rheumatic fever in childhood or in youth (such as endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis or pancarditis).
Coronary heart disease which involves the walls of the blood vessels that supply the muscles of the heart (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, pericarditis or pancarditis).
Degenerative heart diseases, which are most common after the age of 45, and are due to deterioration of tissues such as muscles because of the prolonged effects of various disease conditions (such as hypertension or hypotension).
The most important symptoms associated with diseases of the heart are dyspnea, cyanosis, edema, pain, palpitation and early fatigue. Diseases of the heart in their early stage produce shortness of breath on exertion, increased pulse rate, palpitation, discomfort in the precordial region, fatigue, giddiness, loss of appetite. Advanced heart diseases produce breathlessness even at rest, irregularity of heart action, pain in the chest radiating to the neck, left arm or abdomen, cyanosis, edema, and clubbing of fingers.
Ex. 15. Read the text and give the answers to:
What are the clinical signs of endocarditis?
What are the causes of the diseases?
Are there any ways to prevent endocarditis?