Cholecystitis-Acute

Sudden, severe inflammation and infection of the gallbladder.

Symptoms: Sudden onset of fever chills and pain in the right upper part of the abdomen under the rib cage. Pain may be felt in the right shoulder as well as in the abdomen. Nausea and vomiting may be present and there may be slight jaundice (yellow color of the skin). The abdomen is distended and tender to the touch.

Cause: Inflammation and infection of the gallbladder, associated with gallstones in about 90% of cases. Stones probably block the drainage of the bile and bacteria the gallbladder from the intestine. A few cases are caused by injury to the abdomen or previous surgery.

Severity of problem: Intense pain and illness can result in generalized infection (sepsis) gangrene of the gallbladder and cholangitis.

Treatment: Hospitalization is usually needed. Antibiotics, intravenous fluids, pain control and stomach rest until the symptoms are improved. Surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is usually recommended after the acute attack has subsided.

Prevention: Removal of gallbladder if gallstones are present,otherwise, none.

Ex.5. Translate the text “Cholecystitis” in a written form for 15 minutes using a dictionary.

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder may be due to the presence of gallstones, bacteria, parasites or organic and inorganic material. The infection may be blood-borne and, in this case, first affects the walls of the gallbladder, causing an interstitial cholecystitis. Inflammation of the gallbladder may also be caused by extension of inflammation or growth from adjacent organs, i.e. from the duodenum, pancreas, gall ducts, stomach, liver, etc. The bile is usually concentrated and sometimes the gallbladder may become distended and give rise to pain and to tenderness on palpation. When obstruction occurs jaundice is a common symptom.

Ex.6. Read the text ”Acute cholecystitis”. Find in it the equivalents to:

камень плотно закреплен в шейке желчного пузыря, с последующей закупоркой пузырного протока, стенки утолщаются и отекают, предшественник образования многочисленных спаек, проявлять склонность к нагноению, значительное скопление гноя в полости желчного пузыря.

Translate the sentences in which they are used. Give the text a new heading.

Acute Cholecystitis

Acute inflammation of the gallbladder is of importance surgically because of the acute abdominal symptoms are produced. It is usually associated with cholelithiasis. Indeed, in many cases a stone impacked in the neck of the gallbladder, with the consequent production of obstruction of the cystic duct, is frequently an important factor in pathogenesis. When the organ is the seat of on acute infection the wall becomes thickened and edematous, with a reddened serosal surface upon which fibrin may be deposited. This external reaction is probably a precursor of the formation of numerous adhesions to оther organs. The cystic duct may be obstructed by a stone or by edema and adhesions created by inflammation. When this occurs in the presence of an acute infection the contents of the gallbladder are apt to become purulent, thereby producing a condition known as еmpyеmа of the gallbladder.

Ex.7. Read the text “Cholelithiasis”. Complete the following sentences:

Diseases of gallbladder and biliary tract are generally associated with …

Cholelithiasis means …

Gallstones arise during …

The acute form is more common during …

The chronic form occurs …

These disorders are six times more common in …

The classic gallbladder attack commonly follows …

It begins with …

Other features may include …