- •Таврійська державна агротехнічна академія
- •Англійська мова Посібник з позааудиторного читання для студентів 2 курсу за спеціальністю "Інформаційні технології проектування"
- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Unit 1 What is a Computer?
- •Some Beginning Terms
- •Computer Types
- •Personal or micro
- •Minicomputer
- •Comprehension Tasks
- •1. Making classifying.
- •3. Give the main meanings of the following abbreviations.
- •4. Complete the diagram of a computer system.
- •5. Discussion.
- •Unit 2 What is Input?
- •Types of Input
- •Pointing devices
- •Terminals
- •Multimedia input
- •Voice Input
- •Video Input
- •Data automation
- •General Devices
- •Ocr software
- •Data accuracy
- •Comprehension Tasks
- •2. Complete the sentences with the word from the list below.
- •3. Discussion.
- •Unit 3 What is Processing?
- •Digital Data
- •Digital Codes
- •Input/Output Storage
- •Machine Cycle
- •Memory Addresses
- •Processor Speed
- •Motherboard
- •Isa slots
- •Comprehension Tasks
- •2. Complete the sentences with the word from the list below.
- •3. Fill in the scheme of basic organization of a computer with the following:
- •Input unit, output unit, control unit, alu, memory
- •Unit 4 What is Output?
- •Types of Output
- •Categories of Output
- •Printers Printer Features
- •What paper type used?
- •What print quality?
- •What will it print?
- •What kind of cable connection?
- •Printer Types
- •Types of Impact Printers
- •Thus, Things to Consider When Choosing a Printer:
- •Screens
- •Making Colored Pictures c rt screen:
- •Lcd screen
- •Scan Pattern
- •Light vs. Ink
- •Screen Features
- •Type of Screens
- •Other Output Devices
- •Comprehension Tasks
- •1. Complete the sentences with the word from the list below.
- •2. Give the main meanings of the following abbreviations:
- •3. Complete the scheme of main printer types.
- •Unit 5 What is Storage?
- •Magnetic discs
- •Types of Magnetic Disks
- •Sectors
- •Clusters
- •Cylinders
- •What happens when a disk is formatted?
- •Capacity of a Disk depends on:
- •Capacity of Disks
- •Accessing Data
- •Caring for Data
- •Optical Discs
- •How optical disks are similar
- •How It Works (a simple version)
- •Materials
- •Read Only:
- •Write Once:
- •Rewrite:
- •Advantages of Optical Disks
- •Disadvantages of Optical Disks
- •Other Devices
- •Comprehension Tasks
- •1. Complete the sentences with the word from the list below.
- •2. Match the disk area names with the pictures below.
- •3. Give some instructions of caring for discs. Care of Floppy Disks
- •Unit 6 System Software
- •Operating systems
- •What can a computer do without an operating system?
- •Functions of Operation Systems
- •Allocating system resources
- •Monitoring system activities
- •File and Disk Management
- •Types of Operating Systems
- •Common Operating Systems
- •Changes
- •Which is most popular?
- •Utilities
- •Comprehension Tasks
- •1. Complete the sentences with the word from the list below.
- •2. Give the main meanings of the following abbreviations:
- •3. Match the names of the operating systems with their logos:
- •Bibliography
Thus, Things to Consider When Choosing a Printer:
How much output? |
What speed is needed? Is heavy-duty equipment necessary? |
Quality of output needed? |
Letter quality? Near letter quality? Draft? |
Location of printer? |
How big a footprint can be handled? Is loudness important? |
Multiple copies needed? |
|
Color print needed? |
|
Screens
Screen Features
The device which displays computer output to us has various names: |
|
|
Screen |
from "computer screen" or "display screen" |
|
Monitor |
from its use as a way to "monitor" the progress of a program |
|
VDT |
= video display terminal from early network terminals |
|
CRT |
= cathode ray tube from the physical mechanism used for the screen. |
|
VDU |
= visual display unit to cover all the mechanisms from desktop CRTs to LCD flat screens on laptops to LED screen on palmtops |
|
Making Colored Pictures c rt screen:
A standard monitor screen is a CRT (cathode ray tube). The screen is coated on the inside surface with dots of chemicals called phosphors. When a beam of electrons hits a dot, the dot will glow.
On a color monitor these phosphor dots are in groups of three: Red, Green, and Blue. This RGB system can create all the other colors by combining what dots are aglow.
There are 3 signals that control the 3 electron beams in the monitor, one for each RGB color. Each beam only touches the dots that the signal tells it to light. All the glowing dots together make the picture that you see. The human eye blends the dots to "see" all the different colors.
A shadow mask blocks the path of the beams in a way that lets each beam only light its assigned color dots. (Very cool trick!)
Lcd screen
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screens use an entirely different technique. The screen is still made of dots but is quite flat. LCD displays are made of two layers of a polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution in between. An electrical signal makes the crystals line up in a way that keeps light from going through entirely or just partly. A black screen has all the crystals lined up so that no light gets through.
A color LCD screen uses groups of 3 color cells instead of 3 phosphor dots. The signal for a picture cleverly lets just the right spots show their colors. Your eye does the rest.
Scan Pattern
There are two patterns used by different monitors to cover the whole screen. Both scan across the screen, in a row 1 pixel high, from left to right, drop down and scan back left.
The non-interlaced pattern scans each row of pixels in turn, from top to bottom. This type is more prone to flicker if the scan has not started over by the time the phosphor dots have quit glowing from the last scan. This can make your eyes hurt or even make you nauseous.
The interlaced pattern scans every other row of pixels. So the odd rows are done, then the even rows, in the same left to right to left way. But since the rows of pixels are very close together, the human eye doesn't notice as easily if a row has gone dim before it is rescanned. Much friendlier to your eyes and stomach.