3. Тренировочные упражнения.

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык.

The Innocent and the Guilty

Imagine, if you can, that you have been arrested for something like

shoplifting, or for dangerous driving, or for getting drunk and causing "a

disturbance of the peace". You are in a Magistrates Court now.

You, "the accused", are in a kind of large, open box. The sides come up

almost to your chin. It is on a raised platform almost in the centre of the court and

is called "the dock". You are "in the dock". There are three Magistrates "on the

bench" in front of you. At least one of them is a woman. They are also on a raised

platform, at desks, side by side. In front of and below them there is another man.

He is the "Clerk of the Court" and he, unlike them, is trained in the law and is paid

for his work. During your case he will handle the administrative details and

perhaps give advice to the Magistrates on legal points.

The case begins. The policeman who arrested you gives evidence. He reads

details from a small black notebook that he always carries. He tells the court when

and why he arrested you, what you said, what he said, and so on. Your solicitor

questions, or "cross-examines" him. One of the Magistrates speaking for all three

also asks questions. Other witnesses appear. Perhaps you yourself say nothing at

all. You do not have to speak in your defense. "Everyone is innocent unless proved

guilty". In other words, you do not have to prove that you are innocent. The police

have to prove you are guilty.

At the end the Magistrates probably do not even go out of the court. They

discuss your case in low voices in front of you. You try to hear, but cannot. Then

the Clerk of the Court tells you to stand. The Magistrate who has done the talking

for the others tells you whether they have found you innocent or guilty. He can

sentence you to no more than six months in gaol for one offence, to a maximum of

one year for two or more offences or to a fine of 400 pounds.

More serious cases are heard in the Crown Court, where the Judge is always

a legal expert and is also paid for his work. In the Crown Court you may, if you

choose, be given a "trial by jury". Twelve ordinary people like yourself judge you.

But the Judge himself always decides on the sentence. Reporters for local newspapers often go to Magistrates' Courts; the next day

articles appear in the paper and full names, ages, addresses and details of the case

are given. Find such an article if you can from an English local newspaper. It will

give you an idea of the kind of cases that can be tried in such a court.

Answer the questions:

1. What are the names of at least three offences (less serious than crimes)

for which people are tried in a Magistrates' Court?

2. What exactly is meant by "the dock"?

3. If you are "in the dock", what and who do you see is front of you?

4. 4. If you are the accused, describe what these people will do

during your case.

a) the policeman who arrested you

b) your solicitor

c) one of the three Magistrates

d) the other two Magistrates

2.Употребление и способы перевода герундия на русский язык.

Герундий употребляется:

1. После следующих глаголов без предлогов:

■ to begin, to start, to finish, to stop, to continue, to keep

(продолжать) и др.

Например: Please keep sending us letters at this address. – Пожалуйста,

продолжайте посылать нам письма по этому адресу.

■ to like, to enjoy, to prefer, to mind, to excuse, to remember, to forget,

to suggest, to avoid, to need, to want, to require и др.

Например: The results need being checked. – Результаты необходимо

проверить.

2. После глагола с предлогами:

to apologize for, to thank for, to look forward to, to congratulate on, to

insist on, to depend on, to object to, to be interested in, to be responsible for и

др.

We insisted on continunuing the experiment. – Мы настаивали на

продолжении эксперимента.

3. После существительного с предлогом:way of, programme of,

reason for, process of и др.

The way of using is indicated in the instructions. – Способ использования

указан в инструкциях.

4. После составных предлогов и словосочетаний:

on account of – ввиду, из-за

because of – из-за

due to – благодаря, из-за

with a view to – с целью (для того чтобы)

despite – несмотря на We could not continue the work because of no raw materials being supplied.

– Мы не смогли продолжить работу из-за отсутствия поставки сырья.

Герундий употребляется:

1. В качестве подлежащего:

Reading is useful. – Чтение полезно.

2. Как часть сказуемого после глаголов to finish, to start, to

continue, to go on, to keep и др.

He started reading the book. – Он начал читать книгу.

3. Как предложное дополнение:

I am fond of reading. – Я люблю читать.

4. Как прямое дополнение:

Do you mind my reading here? – Вы не против моего чтения здесь?

5. Как обстоятельство времени:

After reading he closed the book. – После чтения он закрыл книгу.

6. Как обстоятельство образа действия:

Instead of reading he went to the movies. – Вместо чтения он пошел в

кино.

Перевод герундия на русский язык

Герундий может переводиться на русский язык:

1. Существительным

We are interested in buying these goods. – Мы заинтересованы в покупке

этих товаров.

2. Инфинитивом

Everybody went on working. – Все продолжали работать.

3. Деепричастием

On coming to the laboratory he got down to work/. – Придя в

лабораторию, он принялся за работу.

4. Придаточным предложением

We regretted having done it. – Мы сожалеем о том, что сделали это.