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LAWMAKING PROCESS IN THE USA

1. The US Congress is the lawmaking arm of the federal government. Any congressman in either house, or the president, may initiate new legislation. The proposed legislation, or bill, is first introduced in the House of Representatives, then referred to one of the standing committees, which organizes hearings on it and may approve, amend or shelve the draft. If the committee passes the bill, it is considered by the House of Representatives as a whole. If passed there, it goes to the Senate for a similar sequence of committee hearings and general debate.

2. In cases of disagreement, the House of Representatives and the Senate confer together. Once passed by the Senate as a whole, the bill has to be examined by two more standing committees – The Committee on House Administration and the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration – and then signed by the speaker of the House and by the president of the Senate.

3. Finally, the bill must signed by the president, who has the right to veto it. If the president vetoes the bill, it can still become a law – but only if it is passed by a two – thirds majority in both houses of Congress.

Х. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1.Who may initiate new legislation?

2. Who may approve, amend and shelve the draft?

3. How does the bill become a law if the president vetoes it?

Вариант III

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются эти слова и какую функцию выполняет это окончание, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык

1.The Vologda Institute of Law and Economics trains lawyers and psychologists.

2. Agatha Christie’s detectives are very popular all over the world.

3. One of the main duties of militia officers is to prevent crime.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите и подчеркните в них группу имени существительного. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным

1. I am a student of the extra-mural depatment of the Vologda Institute of Law and Economics.

2. The first juvenile court in the United States was established in Chicago in 1899.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните их и переведите предложения на русский язык

1. The highest court of Appeal in England and Wales is the House of Lords.

2. The district courts are the lowest ones in the Federal Court System of the USA.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них и подчеркните неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения. Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. The detective found some impotant evidencies at the crime scene.

2. The British Constitution is considered to be unwritten as it is not codified as a whole in any particular document.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребив нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений. Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. Vologda is famous for (своими) folk crafts.

2. The police officer asked (его) to follow (ним) to the police station.

3. (Вы) can use some articles in (вашем) report, too.

4. (Они) saw (ее) in the library yesterday.

5. The theme “(моя) Future Profession“ will be studied by (нами) next term.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод предложений, содержащих конструкцию there is / are

1. There are some people in our society who don’t want to live an honest life.

2. There were some witnesses who could identify the offender.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. Congress has the power to make laws, but the President may veto any act of Congress.

2. A person who comes in contact with the criminal courts must initially be arrested.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. More serious cases are heard in the Crown Court, where the Judge is always a legal expert and is also paid for his work.

2. The British Police generally do not carry firearms, expect in Northern Ireland.

3. The judge sentenced him to seven years’ imprisonment for armed robbery.