Практическое занятие 4.

Задание 1.

1. Как передаются на русский язык английские имена собственные и слова-названия.

2. Чем отличается транскрипция от транслитерации?

3. В каких случаях имена собственные и названия не переводятся?

4. Как передаются на русский язык английские имена и названия, в состав которых входит несколько составных элементов.

Задание 2. Переведите на русский язык:

1. Периодические издания:

Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, Readers Digest, The Herald Tribune, The Independent.

2. Аэропорты и вокзалы:

Paddington, Heathrow, Waterloo Station, J.F. Kennedy International

3. Компании и организации:

British Petroleum Company, The World Health Organization, General Electric, The House of Commons, British Broadcasting Corporation, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The UN General Assembly, Chrysler Corp.

4. Географические названия:

New Jersey, Iowa, Utah, Rode Island, Birmingham, Hudson Bay, Gulf of Mexico

5. Названия улиц и площадей:

Regent Street, The Strand, Cromwell Road, Trafalgar Square

6. World's most valuable brands:

Coca Cola $68.7bn

IBM $60.2bn

Microsoft $56.6bn

GE $47.7bn

Nokia $34.8bn

McDonald's $32.2bn

Google $31.9bn

Toyota $31.3bn

Intel $30.6bn

Disney $28.4bn

7. Fast Flip, an experimental feature of Google Labs, is a Web application that allows users to scan news articles from 39 print and online publishers, including The New York Times, Newsweek, TechCrunch and Us magazine.

8. If the iPod Touch and iPod Nano get upgraded on Wednesday, some bloggers wonder if Apple will give up on its old-school line of iPods.

9. Nova Spivack, a search expert and founder of Twine, said the most important thing about Bing's visual search is that users can sort the images into categories.

10. Ryo Shimizu CEO of applications developer in Tokyo says the phone as book, magazine or sketchpad is already something that has taken off in Japan.

Задание 3. Переведите следующий текст, обращая внимание на перевод имен собственных.

What does open source mean?

Most software that you buy or download only comes in the compiled ready-to-run version. Most commercial software manufacturers see this as an advantage that keeps other companies from copying their code and using it in a competing product. It also gives them control over the quality and features found in a particular product. Open source software is at the opposite end of the spectrum. The source code is included with the compiled version and modification or customization is actually encouraged. The software developers who support the open source concept believe that by allowing anyone who's interested to modify the source code, the application will be more useful and error-free over the long term.

Let's take a look at a real world example of open source software. In 1991, Linus Torvalds, a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland, developed a new operating system based on Minix, a derivative of Unix, which he dubbed Linux. Torvalds released version 0.02 of Linux under the GNU General Public License, which provides a good legal definition of open source software. A lot of people around the world downloaded Linux and began working with it. Many of these users were programmers in their own right and made modifications to the source code that Torvalds had included. Over the next three years, Torvalds received these modified versions from the other programmers and incorporated many of the changes into the baseline version and released Linux version 1.0 in 1994.

A common concern for end-users who wish to use open source software is the lack of a warranty and technical support. Because the software's license encourages modification and customization, it is nearly impossible to support. This is why Red Hat Software, founded in 1994, created the "Official Red Hat Linux" and is able to sell this normally "free" software. The main value that Red Hat adds to the package is a warranty and technical support. For most businesses, the assurance of technical support has been a key factor in the decision to buy Linux instead of simply downloading it for free. In addition to Red Hat, there are several other companies that have packaged Linux, usually with additional software, for resale. Besides Linux, Mozilla (Netscape browser core), Apache (Web server), PERL (Web scripting language) and PNG (graphics file format) are all examples of very popular software that is based on open source.