- •Steps 1
- •От автора
- •Contents
- •Entrance test
- •I Introduction (I Введение)
- •1 Listen and repeat. (Прослушайте и повторите.)
- •Vocabulary (Словарь)
- •2 Listen and repeat. (Прослушайте и повторите.)
- •3 Listen and repeat the sentences until you can say them fluently. (Прослушайте и повторяйте предложения, пока не сможете проговаривать их быстро.)
- •4 Study the table below and learn the appropriate be-verb forms in relation to personal pronouns. (Изучите нижеследующую таблицу и запомните формы глагола.)
- •9 Write true sentences (positive or negative) for yourself. (Напишите утвердительные или отрицательные предложения о себе.)
- •10 Act out the dialogues from Exercise 1 in class (Обыграйте диалоги из упражнения 1 на уроке.)
- •11 Make up your own conversations in pairs using the words and
- •12 Read the alphabet in the reverse order (Прочитайте алфавит в обратном порядке).
- •13 Read every third, fourth, fifth letter of the alphabet (Прочитайте каждую третью, четвертую, пятую букву в алфавите).
- •14 In two teams think of the words beginning with g, t, m … (в двух командах вспомните слова, начинающиеся с g, t, m …).
- •1 Listen and repeat. (Прослушайте и повторите.)
- •Vocabulary (Словарь)
- •2 Listen and repeat. (Прослушайте и повторите.)
- •3 Unscramble the words. (Расставьте буквы так, чтобы получились слова.)
- •4 Find pairs of antonyms. (Найдите пары антонимов.)
- •5 Listen and repeat the sentence until you say them fluently. (Прослушайте и повторяйте предложения, пока не сможете проговаривать их быстро.)
- •6 Act out the dialogue from exercise 1 in class.
- •7 Say these numbers in English. (Назовите числа по-английски.)
- •8 Time: see and tell (Время: посмотрите и скажите).
- •7 What time is it? (Который час?)
- •Impersonal subject “it” (безличное подлежащее “it”)
- •1 Translate the following sentences into English. (Напишите по-английски).
- •1 Listen and repeat the following dialogues. (Прослушайте и повторите.)
- •Vocabulary (Словарь)
- •2 Listen and repeat. (Прослушайте и повторите.)
- •9 Read the following texts about four seasons. (Прочитайте следующие тексты о временах года.)
- •11 Learn the appropriate vocabulary about your favorite season. (Выучите слова и выражения о своем любимом времени года из текстов.)
- •13 Using the example given below, construct sentences on your own for the other three seasons. (Используя данный ниже пример, составьте свои предложения для трех оставшихся времен года.)
- •15 Fill in the missing numerals in the following sentences as in the example given for the first sentence. (Вставьте пропущенное имя числительное как в примере.)
- •18 Say for yourself. (Скажите о себе.)
- •19 Remember the prepositions before the “time” words (Запомните предлоги перед словами, обозначающими время).
- •1 Write your answers in your notebook to the following questions in English. (Запишите свои ответы на вопросы в тетрадь).
- •2 Rewrite these dates (and not the months) in the number format. (Перепишите даты по примеру.)
- •3 Fill in the missing letters in the following sequence of letters. (Закончите последовательность букв).
- •4 How will you say these dates? (Как вы произнесете эти даты?)
- •5 Review (Обзор)
- •I Местоимения
- •II Глагол
- •III Имя числительное
- •1 Повествовательные
- •2 Вопросительные
- •Questions on the topic (Вопросы по теме)
- •II My family and I
- •1 Read the following text and translate it into Russian. My Family
- •Vocabulary
- •2 Listen and repeat
- •3 Practice the following sentences with the words given below until you can say them fluently.
- •4 Unscramble the following words
- •5 Restore the words in the following photo family tree.
- •6 Match the words with the definitions
- •7 Draw the family tree for Baiburins family.
- •8 Draw your own family tree as long as you can remember or consult with elder members of your family. Give the birth dates of your family members.
- •9 Fill the questionnaire for yourself and your family. If the question is not applicable, write n/a.
- •10 Rewrite all the nouns from the text and give their singular and plural forms.
- •11 Insert the plural form of the nouns given in brackets as in the example.
- •12 Listen to the dialogue.
- •13 Read the dialogue in pairs. Think why some of the words in italics take the –s ending and some don’t. Reproduce the dialogue changing the cities and family members.
- •14 Practice oral exercises. Repeat the sentences, using the words given in brackets in place of ice-cream.
- •15 Practice the following dialogues replacing the words in bold type by the phrases in brackets.
- •16 By asking the relevant questions, fill in the given below survey about your neighbor.
- •21 Using the survey data you had collected for exercise 16 describe your neighbor.
- •1 Listen and read the dialogues.
- •Vocabulary
- •Pronunciation
- •2 Listen and repeat. Brainstorm and add 5 more words to each sound.
- •3 Practice the following sentences with the words given below until you can say them fluently.
- •4 Say what the prominent features of the people in the pictures are.
- •5 Complete the sentences in a suitable way (more than one answer is possible).
- •7 Ask your neighbor the following questions.
- •8 Describe the physical features of the person sitting next to you.
- •9 When describing people which of the following characteristics do you usually include?
- •10 Choose one of these famous people from real life and fiction and describe his/her physical appearance. Can you guess who your friends are describing?
- •11 Read the following sentences and define the degree of
- •12 Identify the degree of comparison of the highlighted word in each sentence by writing полож. (положительная), сравн. (сравнительная), or превосх. (превосходная).
- •13 Write the missing degrees of comparison.
- •14 Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets.
- •15 In groups of four complete the sentences with the correct superlative of the adjectives from the box.
- •16 Insert the appropriate degree of comparison of the adjective in brackets.
- •1 Answer the questions about your family.
- •2 Write a description of physical features of any member of your family. Supply a photo.
- •3 Insert the appropriate degree of comparison of the adjectives given in brackets.
- •1 Listen to the dialogues and read them in pairs.
- •Vocabulary
- •Pronunciation
- •2 Listen and repeat. Add the words from the dialogues and from the vocabulary to the appropriate sounds.
- •3 Find the pairs of rhyming words.
- •4 Practice the following sentences with the words given below. Listen and repeat the sentences until you can say them fluently.
- •5 Say whether the following sentences are true of false. If the sentence is false – correct it.
- •6 Read the following texts about houses in Russia paying attention to sentences beginning with there is.
- •7 Read again the above description about houses in Russia and answer the following questions based on the description and your knowledge of houses in Russia.
- •8 Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •9 Make up your own 5 sentences with “there is /are”.
- •10 Look at the description of the living room in the picture and complete the descriptions of the other rooms inserting is or are.
- •11 Read about houses in Great Britain. Find the differences and similarities between Russian and British living places.
- •12 Team-work. Find as many differences and similarities between the two rooms as you can.
- •13 Discuss the following question in groups of four.
- •1 Translate the following sentences into English.
- •2 Describe your room in about 7 sentences.
- •3 Ask your neighbor 5 questions about his/her apartment or room.
- •1 Listen to the dialogues and read them in pairs.
- •Vocabulary
- •2 Listen and repeat. Add more words.
- •3 Practice the following sentences with the words given below. Listen and repeat the sentences until you can say them fluently.
- •9 Give directions.
- •10 Look at the pictures and say what the people are doing.
- •15 Complete the letter with the verbs from the box. Use the present continuous tense, positive or negative. Use short forms wherever possible, e.G. He's, not he is.
- •4 Read the texts about British and American cities and render them into Russian.
- •5 Review
- •I Имя существительное
- •II There is/are
- •III Articles
- •IV Имя прилагательное и наречие
- •V Глагол
- •1 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use either Present Simple or Present Continuous.
- •3 Compare yourself with your neighbor in 5 sentences.
- •Questions on the topic
- •1 Read the following text and translate it into Russian.
- •Vocabulary
- •2 Listen and repeat. Add more words.
- •3 Practice the following sentences with the words given below. Listen and repeat the sentences until you can say them fluently.
- •4 Cross out the activity that doesn’t belong.
- •5 Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the phrase either … or.
- •6 Make up two sentences in Russian with “или … или” for your group mates to translate.
- •7 Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the phrase neither … nor.
- •8 Make up one sentence in Russian with “ни … ни” for your group mates to translate.
- •9 Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the box above adding adverbs of frequency (often, never, sometimes, usually, always, seldom).
- •10 Complete the sentences on the pictures. Give several variants.
- •11 Look at Lilia’s schedule and complete the sentences about her activities using adverbs of frequency.
- •12 Speak about what Lilia does on Monday (Tuesday, Wednesday …).
- •1 Insert the verbs from the box into the following story.
- •2 Read the following text and choose the best title for it.
- •3 Think of what you do during the week-end and make up a plan for talking about it.
- •1 Listen to the following dialogues and read them in pairs.
- •Vocabulary
- •11 Unscramble the sentences.
- •12 Make up five types of questions to the following sentences. Look at the example.
- •17 Speak about two persons from your group.
- •18 Read the following texts about English food and answer the questions.
- •19 In groups of four match the words with the definitions. Use a dictionary.
- •1 Read the texts. Which is positive and which is negative?
- •Fast food in a fast world
- •My big fat greek wedding
- •2 Say whether the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •3 Find words or phrases in the texts which mean the following.
- •4 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form (Present Simple, Present Continuous or Future Simple).
- •1 Listen to the following dialogues and read them in pairs.
- •Vocabulary
- •9 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb «to be»: was, were.
- •10 Give short answers to the following questions.
- •2 Make up 5 questions to interview your neighbor about his/her hobbies.
- •1 Listen to the following dialogues and read them in pairs.
- •Vocabulary
- •12 Look at the following sentences and try to translate them.
- •13 Remember the following verbs in three forms.
- •14 Look at the chart and correct the sentences.
- •15 Put the words in the correct order to make a story.
- •17 Make up questions and interview two of your group-mates.
- •18 Speak about two persons from your group.
- •Take-home assignment
- •This is an interview with Kevin Costner. Match the questions and answers.
- •2 Put the words into the correct order.
- •1 Listen to the following dialogues and read them in pairs.
- •2 Answer the questions on the dialogues.
- •Vocabulary
- •3 Listen and repeat.
- •4 Read the words from the transcription.
- •5 Practice the following sentences with the words given below. Listen and repeat the sentences until you can say them fluently.
- •10 Answer the following questions in pairs.
- •11 Look at the following sentences from the dialogues and say what kind of action is denoted by the highlighted words.
- •12 Remember the following verbs in three forms.
- •13 Give the missing form of the verb or the Russian translation.
- •14 Insert the words in brackets into the correct place in the sentences.
- •15 Turn the sentences into negative.
- •16 Make up who/what questions to the following sentences.
- •17 Put the verbs in brackets into Present Perfect.
- •18 Make up questions and interview two of your group-mates.
- •1 Read the sentences and the questions and tick the correct answer.
- •2 Make a review of the movies and performances at the theaters and say which you want to watch. Explain your choice.
- •3 Read the story about Lake District National Park and render it into Russian.
- •6 Review
- •I Наречие
- •II Глагол
- •1 Use the words in the box to complete the sentences.
- •2 Complete these sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Use short forms where possible.
- •3 Answer the questions on the text.
- •Questions on the topic
- •IV Our University
- •1 Read the following text and translate it into Russian. Our University
- •Vocabulary
- •2 Listen and repeat.
- •3 Practice the following sentences with the words given below. Listen and repeat the sentences until you can say them fluently.
- •4 Complete the sentences using the appropriate word from the box.
- •5 Look at the following sentence. Find a verb there. Translate it into Russian.
- •6 Remember the following verbs in three forms.
- •7 Give the missing form of the verb or the Russian translation.
- •8 Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Passive Voice.
- •9 Make up the sentences using the pairs of words in Passive Voice.
- •10 Make up the sentences using the words in Passive Voice.
- •11 Put the verb in brackets into Passive Voice.
- •1 Read the story about British universities and answer the questions.
- •1 Listen to the following dialogues and read them in pairs.
- •Vocabulary
- •2 Practice the following tongue-twister till you can read it very quickly.
- •3 In groups of four match the occupations with the definitions. Use the dictionary.
- •4 What qualities are very important for the following careers?
- •6 In pairs think of as many occupations as you can that can be taken up by left or right-brained people.
- •7 Look at the following resume and speak of the man who wrote it.
- •8 Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words in bold type.
- •9 Remember the following verbs in three forms.
- •10 Give the missing form of the verb or the Russian translation.
- •12 Write these sentences in the active voice. Use the same tense-form.
- •1 Write your own resume using instructions from the dialogue.
- •2 Put the words into the correct order.
- •3 Complete these sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Passive Voice. Example: Every year, about 6.5 billion (6,500,000,000) kilograms of rubbish are thrown into the oceans! (to throw)
- •1 Listen to the following dialogues and read them in pairs.
- •Vocabulary
- •2 Practice the following tongue-twister till you can read it very quickly.
- •3 Group the words according to their meanings.
- •4 Read the following information on studying abroad and discuss in groups of four its advantages and disadvantages.
- •5 Remember the following verbs in three forms.
- •6 Give the missing form of the verb or the Russian translation.
- •7 Read the following sentences from the dialogues and say what the highlighted words mean.
- •8 Study the following chart on modal verbs.
- •9 Translate the following sentences to Russian.
- •10 Match the sentences or parts of the sentences.
- •11 Complete the sentences using must, mustn't, or needn't.
- •12 Make up questions and interview two of your group-mates.
- •Vocabulary
- •8 Sort the countries by the continents.
- •9 Remember the following verbs in three forms.
- •10 Give the missing form of the verb or the translation.
- •11 Replace the modals by their equivalents.
- •12 Match the sentences.
- •13 Complete the sentences using must, mustn't, or needn't and the correct verb.
- •1 Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Transportation and tourism in the usa
- •5 Review
- •I Пассивный залог
- •II Модальные глаголы
- •Question on the topic
- •Appendices Appendix 1 British English and American English
- •Appendix 2 Spoken Etiquette
- •Appendix 3 Metric System
- •Appendix 4
- •Verb-Aspect Chart
- •Appendix 5 Irregular Verbs
- •Word Formation
- •Bibliography
5 Review (Обзор)
Теперь вы знаете около 130 английских слов и разговорных выражений. Вы научились произносить английские звуки и можете немного рассказать о себе, сказать, который час, назвать дату и описать погоду. Также вы имеете представление о структуре английского языка.
I Местоимения
Вы использовали следующие местоимения:
I (я) |
I am Russian. |
you (ты, вы) |
How are you? |
he (он) |
He is not Arthur. |
she (она) |
She came fifth in the running race. |
it (безличное или неодушевленное) |
It snows in winter. |
we (мы) |
We are ten minutes late for the class. |
they (они) |
They are not all right. |
Не забудьте, что местоимение I я в английском языке всегда пишется с заглавной буквы, а местоимение you используется как для единственного, так и для множественного числа ты, вы.
II Глагол
Вы повторили самый часто встречающийся в английском языке глагол to be. Вспомнили, как он спрягается в настоящем времени.
am |
I am fine. |
is |
He is Bashkir. |
are |
We are not Chuvash. |
III Имя числительное
Вы вспомнили, как образуются количественные и порядковые имена числительные в английском языке.
13 – 19 требуют окончания – teen |
fifteen, eighteen |
десятки требуют окончания – ty |
thirty, sixty |
порядковые числительные требуют окончания – th, кроме first, second, third |
seventh, twenty-fourth |
Структура английских предложений
Вы встретили четыре типа английских предложений: повествовательные, вопросительные, восклицательные и повелительные. В каждом из них порядок слов играет очень важную роль.
1 Повествовательные
В английском повествовательном предложении порядок слов прямой, твердый:
Подлежащее – сказуемое – дополнение – обст-ва места, времени
Не все члены предложения могут быть в конкретном предложении, но первые два присутствуют всегда. И сказуемое всегда следует за подлежащим, затем дополнение, поскольку в английском языке нет падежей.
Подлежащее |
Сказуемое |
Дополнение |
Обстоятельства |
The sun |
comes |
- |
early in summer. |
My name |
is |
Maria. |
|
2 Вопросительные
В английском языке 4 типа вопросов, каждый из которых строится определенным образом. Эти формулы нужно запомнить:
a) общий, требует ответ «да» или «нет» (yes/no question)
Построение общего вопроса:
Вспомогательный глагол – подлежащее – сказуемое – и т.д.
Вспомогательный глагол |
подлежащее |
сказуемое |
и т.д. |
|
Do |
people |
go |
to beaches |
in winter? |
Вспомогательный глагол служит только для построения вопросов и отрицаний, несет информацию о времени и аспекте сказуемого, на русский язык не переводится.
Глагол to be в функции сказуемого не требует вспомогательного глагола.
Вспомогательный глагол |
подлежащее |
сказуемое |
и т.д. |
Are |
you |
- |
Martha? |
b) специальный, требует подробного ответа, начинается с вопросительного слова (когда, что, как, почему и т.д.) (wh - questions)
What? |
Что? |
Who? |
Кто, |
Whom? |
Кого? |
Whose? |
Чей? |
When? |
Когда? |
Where? |
Где? Куда? |
Which? |
Который? |
Why? |
Почему? |
How? |
Как? |
How much? |
Сколько? (с неисчисляемыми именами существительными) |
How many? |
Сколько? (с исчисляемыми именами существительными) |
Построение специального вопроса:
Вопросительное слово - вспомогательный глагол – подлежащее – сказуемое – и т.д.
Вопросительное слово |
Вспомогательный глагол |
подлежащее |
сказуемое |
и т.д. |
How |
do |
you |
do? |
|
When |
is |
your birthday? |
|
|
Немного по-другому образуется вопрос к подлежащему; оно может быть одушевленным и неодушевленным, соответственно вопросительное слово может быть who? - кто? и what? – что? Такой вопрос не требует вспомогательного глагола, если его нет в предложении (как, например, глагол to be, который и является сказуемым).
Вопросительное слово |
сказуемое |
и т.д. |
What day |
comes |
before Wednesday? |
Who |
is |
that man? |
c) альтернативный, требует полного ответа, даёт выбор (or - question)
Построение альтернативного вопроса:
Вспомогательный глагол – подлежащее – сказуемое – и т.д.
Выбор может быть между любыми членами предложения.
Вспомогательный глагол |
подлежащее |
сказуемое |
и т.д. |
Do |
people |
go |
skiing or swimming in winter? |
Is |
your name |
- |
Maria or Lilia? |
d) разделительный, требует ответ да/нет, чаще всего является риторическим (tag - question)
Построение разделительного вопроса (за основу берется само предложение):
Само предложение – (после запятой) вспомогательный глагол (с отрицанием, если предложение утвердительное, либо без него, если предложение отрицательное) – местоимение, заменяющее подлежащее
Само предложение |
Вспомогательный глагол |
Местоимение, заменяющее подлежащее |
The weather is wonderful, |
isn’t |
it? |
You are fine, |
aren’t |
you? |
Monday doesn’t come after Thursday, |
does |
it? |
3 Восклицательные
Ничего сложного в образовании восклицательных предложений нет, просто предложение должно передавать удивление или восхищение и в конце ставится восклицательный знак.
My God, they cancelled the class! |
The weather is fantastic! |
4 Повелительные
Повелительные предложения (команды, просьбы, предложения) начинаются с глагола (либо в утвердительной, либо в отрицательной форме); в конце ставится восклицательный знак.
Put on a warm coat, yours is too light! |
Let’s go to the library then. |
Don’t go there! |
Revision exercises
1 Put in the correct form of the verb “to be”. (Вставьте правильную форму глагола “to be”.)
-
My grandmother _____ ill.
-
He _____ thirsty.
-
We _____ hungry.
-
They _____ hot.
-
The clock _____ late.
-
I _____ angry with you.
-
She _____ married.
-
_____ you interested in music?
-
I _____ not tired.
-
She _____ afraid of snakes.
2 Write the numbers in English. (Напишите числа по-английски.)
-
4
-
9
-
11
-
17
-
26
-
47
-
52
-
73
-
135
-
698
3 Unscramble the sentences. (Расставьте слова в предложениях по порядку.)
-
OK are you?
-
nice you is see to it.
-
you later see!
-
twenty we late minutes are.
-
noon the at class is.
-
past it six quarter is
-
after comes Sunday Saturday.
-
summer does rain it?
-
wonderful weather the is!
-
the year is month of January first the.
4 Put five types of questions to the following sentences. (Составьте пять типов вопросов к следующим предложениям.)
-
My birthday is on the fifteenth of May.
-
They are fifteen minutes early.
-
We are pleased to meet you.