IX. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий, второй и седьмой абзацы переведите письменно.

WAN Service Providers

1. Dedicated lines, microwave communications, and satellite services are available from a variety of companies, including the common carriers. Increasingly, telephone companies are offering dedicated Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) connections to businesses and large organizations.

2. When an organization wants to offer communications services to others, it submits a tariff to the government. (A tariff is a list of services and charges for the services to be offered.) When the government has accepted the tariff and approved the organization to offer communications to others, that organization is known as a common carrier.

3. Some firms specialize in providing dedicated lines. These companies lease dedicated lines, add services to enhance the communications, and then sell that enhanced service. This service is called a value-added network.

4. A public data network (PDN) builds its own high-speed data highways using microwaves, satellites, and optical fiber. A PDN can send data at rates of one million bits per second or more.

WAN Hardware

5. WANs require some special hardware items. A multiplexor is a hardware device that enhances the usefulness of a WAN connection. A multiplexor combines input signals from as many as several dozen computers and sends the combined signal along the communications channel. On the other end, an identical multiplexor decodes the signal and sends the messages to their correct destinations.

6. Routers work with packet switching networks. They receive packets and examine their addresses. Based on routing data kept in an automatically update table, the router decides where to send each packet.

7. Front-end processors handle all the communications tasks for large computers, which would otherwise get bogged down by sending and receiving messages. These processors also provide security to prevent unauthorized access.

X. Составьте аннотацию текста.

XI. Подготовьте устное сообщение о глобальных сетях.

Text 12

Electronic Data Interchange. International Networks

Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания.

I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:

invoice

purchase order

electronic fund transfer

electronic data interchange

to change hands

II. Выпишите из четвертого абзаца именные группы и переведите их.

III. Назовите интернациональные слова, встречающиеся в третьем и четвертом абзацах текста.

IV. Выпишите из второго и четвертого абзацев все инфинитивы, определите их функции. Переведите письменно предложения с этими инфинитивами.

V. Следующее предложение сначала проанализируйте, а затем, используя обычный англо-русский словарь, подберите правильное значение для слова "though". Переведите письменно предложение на русский язык:

Connecting with a computer outside your own country's borders, though, has potential for difficulties.

VI. Выпишите из третьего абзаца сказуемые в страдательном залоге и переведите их вместе с подлежащими.

VII. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сказуемое в страдательном залоге:

1. Programs, or lists of instructions are written in the code that the computer has been manufactured to understand.

2. The terms "coding" and "programming" are often used as synonyms.

3. Each stage in a program preparation is followed by a careful check.

4. Each problem must be clearly defined before the programming function can be performed.

5. Any information may be represented by the binary system including only two digits: one (1) and zero (o).