VI. Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в требуемом по смыслу времени:

1. They (to write) this computer program by June.

2. A hybrid computer (to combine) some properties of digital and analog computers.

3. Computers (to become) smaller, cheaper and more numerous. Designers (to call) these small computers microcomputers or micros since that time.

4. When I came into the room, my friend (to compile) a program.

5. The electronic computer just (to perform) these calculations.

6. The computer of the future (to use) natural languages.

VII. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий. Третий и четвертый абзацы переведите письменно.

1. Protocol refers to a prescribed manner of doing something. Networking protocols refer to a set of standards that ensure data and information are properly exchanged between communicating computers. The most common protocol standard is referred to as X.25, which is used worldwide. Although most adhere to the X.25 standard, there is no single protocol used by all. Protocols refer to means of transmission, which have improved over the years. The following protocols are listed in chronological order:

2. Simplex, or one direction only, for example from host to recipient; Half-duplex, meaning one direction at a time although both directions are possible; Full-duplex, meaning both directions at the same time

3. Today, most voice and data communications channels are full-duplex; the need for information and instantaneous feedback requires it. However, the computer-to-printer channel is simplex, and most large host-to-terminal computer systems still use half-duplex.

4. There are several specific techniques for data exchange within the full-duplex protocol. The first is circuit switching, which routes data along a prescribed path from source to destination. The more common method is packet switching, which sends data in small blocks, or packets, each separate, along the most expedient route to the destination, where they are reassembled in proper order. Although seeming more complex, packet switching is far more efficient.

VIII. Составьте аннотацию текста.

Text 6

Nodes, Switches, and Devices

Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания.

I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:

node

switch

router

hub / smart hub

remote access device

dial-up modem

bridge

security

firewall

jukebox

II. Переведите следующие именные группы, обращая внимание на перевод слов в функции определения:

destination computer; data transfer; information technology department; communications network standards; data file transfer; high-speed fiber optic transmissions

III. Укажите способ словообразования следующих слов и переведите их на русский язык:

workgroup, redirection, typically, router, incompatible, efficiency, unauthorized, performance

IV. Выпишите из первого предложения первого абзаца инфинитивы, определите их функцию и переведите предложение на русский язык, обращая внимание на конструкцию "There + to be".

V. Найдите во втором абзаце оборот "сложное дополнение с инфинитивом" и переведите предложение на русский язык.

VI. Переведите следующие предложения с оборотом "сложное дополнение с инфинитивом":

a) 1. Computer networks allows us to speed up connection between computers.

2. This permits standard circuits to be used throughout the system.

3. The information permitted the properties of the new substance to be predicted.

b) 1. The world knows Babbage's ideas to have had a great influence on the computer development.

2. We saw the printer operate.

3. The assistant made her study all the functions of the computer units.

4. The engineer wanted the new devices to be tested in our laboratory.

VII. Найдите в четвертом абзаце неопределенно-личное местоимение "it", которое в данном случае на русский язык не переводится, поскольку оно — лишь формальное дополнение, предваряющее логическое. Последнее выражено инфинитивом. Неопределенно-личное местоимение "it" является дополнением после таких глаголов, как:

find — считать, находить, оказываться;

make — делать и др.

В этих случаях после местоимения "it" стоят прилагательные с оценочным значением:

possible — возможный

reasonable — разумный, приемлемый, возможный и т.д.