2 Make one sentence from two.

1. You will be in London again. You must come and see us then.

You must come and see us when you are in London again.

2. I'll find somewhere to live. Then I'll give you my address.

I _____________ when ______________________________

3. I'll do the shopping. Then I'll come straight back home.

_________________ after _______________________

4. It's going to start raining. Let's go home before that.

_________________ before ______________________

5. She must apologise to me first. I won't speak to her until then.

_____________________ until __________________

3 Read the situations and complete the sentences.

1. A friend of yours is going to visit London. You want to know where she is going to stay.

You ask: Where are you going to stay when you are in London?

2. A friend of yours is visiting you. She has to go soon but maybe there's time for a cup of tea.

You ask: Would you like a cup of tea before _____________________________?

3. Your friend is reading the newspaper. You'd like it after her.

You ask: Can I have the newspaper when ______________________________?

4. You want to sell your car. Jim is interested in buying it but he hasn't decided yet.

You ask: Can you let me know as soon as _____________________________?

5. There are serious traffic problems in your town but they are building a new road.

You say: I think it will be better when __________________________________.

Unit 6. Passive Voice: Passive vs Active, Passive in various tenses, prepositions used in Passive

1. Active form:

Joseph draws pictures.

Subject	Verb	Object
Joseph	draws	pictures

The focus is on the subject ( the doer) who performs the action expressed in the verb.

2. Passive form:

The picture was drawn by Joseph.

Object ( becomes subject)	Verb	Subject (becomes object or is dropped)
The picture	was drawn	by Joseph

The focus is not on the subject, but on the action or the object which was acted upon.

Form of the Passive:

Subject + to be in the tense of the active verb + Past Participle

When using active sentences in Passive voice, note the following:

• The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

• The form of the verb is the appropriate form of to be (the tense of the active voice main verb) + the Past Participle.

• The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped.)

Active	Nancy	makes	tea
	subject	verb	object
Passive	Tea	is made	(by Nancy)
	object turning into subject	verb	subject becoming object or is dropped

Passive vs Active voice in different tenses:

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Simple Present	Active:	Mary	makes	tea
	Passive:	Tea	is made	by Mary
Present continuous	Active:	Mary	is making	tea
	Passive:	Tea	is being made	by Mary
Simple past	Active:	Mary	made	tea
	Passive:	Tea	was made	by Mary
Past continuous	Active:	Mary	was making	tea
	Passive:	Tea	was being made	by Mary
Present perfect	Active:	Mary	has made	tea
	Passive:	Tea	has been made	by Mary
Future simple	Active:	Mary	will make	tea
	Passive:	Tea	will be made	by Mary
With Modals	Active:	Mary	should make	tea
	Passive:	Tea	should be made	by Mary

Passive voice questions

To form a question, the first auxiliary is placed before the subject.

Affirmative Statement	Question
You were shown the sights.	Were you shown the sights?
She is being shown the sights.	Is she being shown the sights?
He will have been shown the sights.	Will he have been shown the sights?
We should be shown the sights.	Should we be shown the sights?

How to use Passive Voice

The Passive is used:

1. If the action is more important then the agent.

This theatre was built in 1868. (The important thing is what happened, not who did it.)

2. If the agent is not known.

He was offered a job. (Someone offered him the job.)

They are supposed to be good students. (Some teachers suppose that.)

Sentences which cannot be changed into passive voice:

A verb can be either transitive or intransitive. A transitive verb needs an object (in sentence) to give complete meaning while intransitive verb does need an object (in sentence) to give complete meaning. Intransitive verbs cannot be changed into Passive voice. The reason is that there is not any object in such sentences and without object of sentence Passive voice is not possible.

He sent a letter. (Send is a transitive verb and it needs an object i.e. letter to express full meaning.)

He laughs. (Laugh is an intransitive verb and it does not need object for expressing full meaning.)

Sleep, arrive, go,come, exist, happen, have, live, occur, reach, sit, die are examples of intransitive verbs.

The following tenses can also not be changed into Passive voice:

• Present perfect continuous tense

• Past perfect continuous tense

• Future continuous tense

• Future perfect continuous tense

Prepositions used in Passive voice:

By – This book was written by Shakespeare.

With – This letter was written with a pen, not a pencil.

Of – What is this made of?

In – Made in USA.

Let’s Practice