- •Навчальний посібник
- •The subjunctive
- •The formulaic subjunctive.
- •God be praised!
- •God bless you!
- •Nursery Rhyme
- •1. Translate the word combinations in brackets into English.
- •2. Translate into English using set-phrases (The formulaic subjunctive).
- •3. Translate into English using set-phrases (The formulaic subjunctive).
- •Exclamatory sentences.
- •4. Finish each of these sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •7. Complete the following sentences using the perfect form.
- •8. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Replace the infinitive by the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •11. Translate into English.
- •12. Translate into English.
- •Had better
- •13. Translate into English.
- •I’d rather / sooner
- •14. Translate into English.
- •Independent clauses and simple sentences.
- •Sentences without implied condition
- •15. Use the verb in brackets in the appropriate form.
- •16. Translate into English.
- •17. Translate into English.
- •The conditional
- •The conditional tenses. The present conditional tense.
- •The perfect conditional tense.
- •Conditional sentences.
- •Suppose he himself gave her the injections …
- •Three kinds of conditional sentences
- •If I may be frank if you’ll allow me to say so
- •21. Translate into English.
- •Should in conditional 1
- •22. Make the condition less probable by using should.
- •Suppose and imagine.
- •23. Translate into English.
- •24. Translate into English.
- •25. Translate into English.
- •Conditional sentences type 2.
- •Conditional sentences type 3.
- •26. Choose which ending is possible for each sentence.
- •27. Fill the gaps in the sentences and complete the questions in the conversations using the words given or your own ideas.
- •28. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form. (Use forms of can, might, etc. Where suitable.)
- •29. Translate into English.
- •30. Translate into English.
- •31. Translate into English.
- •32. Complete the sentences in the conversation using the ideas given.
- •33. Make a ‘chain story’.
- •34. Fill in each blank to complete the unreal condition.
- •35. Translate into English.
- •36. Translate into English.
- •37. Fill the gaps in the sentences and complete them using the words given or your own ideas.
- •38. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •39. Translate into English.
- •40. Translate into English.
- •Mixed conditionals.
- •41. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •42. Fill in each blank with the correct form of a verb. These sentences have mixed tenses.
- •43. Translate into English.
- •44. Translate into English.
- •45. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •46. Look at the pairs of pictures below and imagine yourself in each situation. Write what you would say usingif. There may be several possibilities for each pair.
- •47. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Both real conditions and unreal conditions are used.
- •48. Translate into English.
- •49. Translate into English.
- •Wishing
- •50. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •51. Fill in each blank to make a wish about the present.
- •52. Translate into English.
- •53. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •54. Fill in each blank to make a wish about the past.
- •55. Translate into English.
- •56. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •58. Look at the pictures and say what each person wishes, using the words given.
- •59. Fill in each blank to show a desire that someone does something differently.
- •60. Translate into English.
- •61. Complete the conversations with a sentence using wish.
- •62. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. (Use could where suitable.)
- •64. Answer the following questions according to the model, mind the form of the auxiliary verb.
- •65. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •66. Paraphrase the following sentences using object clause after the verb "wish".
- •67. Translate into English.
- •68. Translate into English.
- •69. Open the brackets.
- •70. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •71. Translate into English.
- •72. Translate into English.
- •73. Open the brackets.
- •74. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •75. Translate into English.
- •76. Translate into English.
- •77. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •78. Translate into English.
- •79. Complete each of these sentences twice, once using should and once using another structure.
- •80. Fill in the gaps using the words given. There is usually more than one possible answer.
- •81. Open the brackets using the Subjunctive Mood.
- •82. Translate into English.
- •83. Translate into English.
- •As if / as though There is no difference between as if and as though.
- •The difference is clearer with obviously unreal comparisons:
- •84. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
- •85. Paraphrase the parts in bold type.
- •86. Answer the following questions according to the model.
- •87. Translate into English.
- •88. Translate into English.
- •It is time…
- •89. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •90. Paraphrase the sentences using the expression It is (about, high) time.
- •91. Translate into English.
- •92. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •Even if / even though.
- •93. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
- •94. Translate into English.
- •95. Translate into English.
- •96. Translate into English.
- •97. Translate into English.
- •98. Translate into English.
- •99. Translate into English.
- •100. Translate into English.
- •101. Translate into English.
- •Indirect speech and reporting
- •Conditional sentences in indirect speech.
- •Revision task 1.
- •Task 2.
92. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
On Thursday morning at breakfast Steven said: "It's high time you (to make up) your mind about that visit to "Four Winds" this week-end. We ought to go, you know. We haven't been at the Marshals' for ages, we just can't put them off."
"But, Steven," said Ruth ill-temperedly, "I can't go. If my grey dress (not to send) to the cleaner's I (can) wear it. But I can't wear my new suit, it's not hot enough for it yet."
Steven finished his food and was looking through his mail.
"Why treat it as if it (to be) a serious problem? Why make such a fuss about nothing? At "Four Winds" everyone wears just anything."
Opening a letter he added: "Really, you're a most annoying person, Ruth. What I want to know is, can you go or can't you?"
"I can if you can. You know that."
"I'm not sure yet how busy I'll be tomorrow. I suggest that you (to go down) tomorrow afternoon. George (to pick) you up and (to drive) you down if you (to agree) to go tomorrow. And I'll turn up in the evening, if I can get away, or on Saturday morning at the latest."
"Oh, no," Ruth laid down her knife and fork. "I wish we (to go) together."
"I wish you (to go) ahead."
"I'm not going without you," Ruth said firmly. "But for you they (not to ask) me to come, anyway. They only ask me because I'm your wife. And it looks as if Marion (to hate) me. I wish you (to ring) them up yesterday and told them that I'm coming with you."
(after "Thursday Afternoons" by M. Dickens)
§ 48.
Even if / even though.
1. Real. Even if describes how something will happen whatever the condition:
Even if it rains, we’ll still go for a picnic.
2. Unreal. Complex sentences with a clause introduced by if / even though are built on the same pattern as sentences of unreal condition:
But even if you were right, I should be prepared for any contingency.
Even if I had been a stranger he would have talked of his misfortune.
93. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
1. We (come) back by all means even if it (be) as late as midnight. 2. “Even if I (write) to Dave, he (not/get) the letter,” said Stephanie. 3. You hardly (believe) it even though you (see) it with your own eyes. 4. Even though you (come) earlier you (not/find) me in. 5. My friend likes to parachute out of aeroplanes. I (not/do) it even if you (pay) me a million dollars. 6. He’s a sound sleeper and you (not/wake) him up even if your voice (be) twice as loud as a train whistle. 7. Even if the work (be) twice as difficult I (not/refuse) to do it. 8. You (do) as you please even if I (give) you advice. 9. Even though the way (be) twice as short we (miss) the train all the same, for I got the schedule mixed up. 10. She (can/not/join) our excursion even if you (invite) her; she was ill. 11. She loves her dog. She (not/sell) her dog even if you (pay) her a million dollars. 12. Even if you (know) him well, you (not/recognize) him, he has so greatly changed. 13. Linda (not/marry) Paul even if he (be) the last man on earth. 14. Even if he (be) here, I (say) the same. 15. Even if nobody (object), I (object). 16. Even if she (hear) it with her own ears, she (not/believe) it. 17. I (can/not/go) today even if you (ask) me. 18. Nothing (come out) of this scheme even if you (give) them every opportunity. 19. Even if I (can/help) you, I (not/go) against my conscience and judgement.