Практические упражнения. Англ. грамматика

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—I am opening my book at page 10.

b)What have you done?

—I have opened my book at page 10.

1.Peter, read exercise 21, please. 2. Ann, give me the book, please. 3. Lucy and Ann, exchange the books, please. 4. Ask the librarian if she can help you to find this book. 5. Write down the title of the book. 6. Choose a book for me, please. 7. Kate, turn on the hot tap, please. 8. Look up this word in a dictionary. 9. Ask questions about the words in italics. 10. Write the date on the blackboard. 11. Jane, take the textbook out of your bag, please. 12. Mary, boil the kettle, please.

Упражнение 3. Сделайте следующие предложения вопросительными, отрицательными, вопросительно-отрицательными.

1. The Petrovs have bought a sideboard. 2. She has read all the books in her library. 3.I have heard of those writers. 4. I have left your book at home. 5. She has seen some of Shaw's plays. 6. I have dusted the furniture. 7. The students have written some short stories. 8. The teacher has told the students about some English writers. 9. They have chosen light-green wall-paper. 10. Nick has put his papers into the drawer.

Упражнение 4. Измените следующие предложения согласно образцу:

Образец: a) Mary! Wind up the watch!

b)Mary! Don't forget to wind up the watch! Mary: I have already wound it up.

1.Bring the forks and the knives, please. 2. Don't forget to switch off the gas! 3. Hang the new prints in the dining-room! 4. Don't forget to send the letter! 5. Put the armchair before the TV set! 6. Don't forget to take your watch to the watchmaker! 7. Bring some chalk, please! 8. Don't forget to turn off the taps in the bathroom! 9. Put the table linen into the drawer! 10. Don't forget to speak to him about it!

Упражнение 5. Поставьте разделительные вопросы к следующим предложениям.

1. You have read this book. 2. She has not met her colleagues today. 3. You have already finished your work. 4. You have not yet read Live with Lightning in the original. 5. She has never been to the Far East. 6. They haven't yet gone to the tennis court. 7. He has already written the test-paper. 8. Mother hasn't come yet. 9. You have already returned the book to him. 10. We have not yet been there.

Упражнение 6. Ответьте на следующие вопросы, используя формы Present Perfect Tense

с наречиями just, already.

1. Is Mary going to invite them to dinner? 2. Is he going to have a cup of tea? 3. Are they going to look at those pictures? 4. Is Tom going to turn the radio on? 5. Is Granny going to carry in the tea things? 6. Aren't you going to place the chairs round the dining table? 7. Are they going to have dinner together? 8. Isn't he going to buy a sofa-bed? 9. Are we going to have a test? 10. Are you going to join a library?

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Упражнение 7. Дополните следующие предложения одним из двух предложенных вариантов, используя предлоги since или for.

1.I haven't seen you ... .

a) May; b) three years

2.We have been here.....

a) an hour and a half; b) January 3. She hasn't spoken to me ... .

a) more than two weeks; b) last week

4.They have lived in this street ... .

a) 1958; b) a long time

5.I haven't bought any new books ... .

a) last month; b) a fortnight

6.Nobody has written to me .....

a) many weeks; b) my birthday

7.I've been asking you to come and see us ....

a) over a month; b) the beginning of the year

8.I haven't ridden a bicycle ... .

a) ages; b) my childhood

Упражнение 8. Измените следующие предложения по образцу.

Образец: Harry, to write, a letter.

a)Harry is going to write a letter.

b)Harry is writing a letter.

c)Harry has written a letter.

1.He, to put, a stamp, on the envelope. 2. I, to read, Harry's letter. 3. They, to take out, their bikes, for a rim in the country. 4. We, to listen to, the news. 5. I, to speak, to him, about this matter. 6. He, to have lunch, alone. 7. The boys, to have, breakfast. 8. Peter, to ask the librarian, to keep, the book. 9. My brother, to write, a poem. 10. Ann, to give, a lesson.

Упражнение 9. Преобразуйтее следующие предложения вPresent Perfect, используйте обстоятельства времени, данные в скобках.

1. He gets up at 7 a. m. (just) 2. I usually fly to Kiev. (never) 3. I watch TV programmes every day. (recently) 4. I read a lot of English books in the original. (of late)5. Kate reads historical novels with great interest. (always) 6. The boys are finishing breakfast. (not yet) 7. Does he read books on travel? (ever) 8. I look through the morning newspapers at breakfast. (already) 9. Nick shows his films to his friends. (three times) 10. I meet him on my way to the office. (often)

Упражнение 10. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в подходящую по смыслу форму настоящего времени (Present Indefinite, Present Continuous или Present Perfect).

1. It is raining and Ann ... my umbrella. (to take) 2. The lesson ... yet. (not to begin) 3. I often ... people say that the weather in Petersburg is bad. (to hear) 4. Peter, what... Bob ... there? (to do) — He ... his exercise book, he ... it. (to look for, to lose) — Why, it... here! (to lie) 5. What ... he ...? (to do) — He ... his degree-work,

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—Он переехал на новую квартиру.

—А его сестра переехала вместе с ним?

—Нет, она осталась в старой квартире. А ты с ней знаком?

—Да. Кстати, она уже окончила университет?

—Да, в этом году. Теперь она работает на телевидении

—Так, значит, она выбрала профессию своей матери?

—Да, и работает в том же телецентре.

—Кажется, это стало традицией в их семье. Я слышал (I hear), что ее младший брат, который только что окончил школу, тоже собирается работать в этом телецентре.

—Совершенно верно. А кто тебе сказал об этом?

—Я встретил его друга сегодня.

—Давай съездим к Николаю и посмотрим его новую квартиру.

—С удовольствием.

UNIT 21

1. Бессоюзные придаточные предложения (Contact Clauses)

Упражнение 1. Опустите относительные местоимения, где это возможно.

1. The watch which you are looking at is wrong. 2. I know the girl with whom he is playing chess. 3. The clock which they are going to buy is of the latest model. 4. We usually dine at the canteen which is round the corner. 5. I don't know the professor who lectures on Russian Literature. 6. The flowers which I cut this morning are still fresh. 7. The man whom you want has just left. 8. The woman who is standing downstairs is my wife. 9. The book which you are looking for is in that room.

1. The magazine ... you have lent me is very interesting. 2. The old man ... lives next door has gone to Moscow. 3. The garden ... is at the back of our house has a tennis court. 4. Can you remember the person ... you have borrowed the newspaper from? 5. The shop ... we buy our cakes at is shut. 6. The girl ... works in the kiosk is my sister. 7. The man ... is sitting at the desk is the secretary. 8. The man ... you see at the desk is the secretary. 9. Where is the shop ... sells picture-postcards? 10. Shakespeare, ... is the world's greatest dramatist, was born in 1564.

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски относительными местоимениями who, whom, whose, which или that и укажите, где они могут быть опущены.

1. Pushkin is the greatest Russian poet... ever lived. 2. The book ... I'm reading is not even worth speaking of. 3. Everything ... he does is always right. 4. Tell me ...

student has the best pronunciation in your group. 5. I don't know... book you prefer, this or that. 6. It is the best book ... he ever wrote. 7. Anyone ... wants can come. 8. Help yourself to the cakes, Nelly.— Oh, thank you, Mother, I haven't yet decided ... to take. 9. Who is the man to ... you were speaking just now? 10. That's the man ... Jane is going to marry. 11. This is one of the few really good books ...

have been published on this subject. 12. Guess ... of the two men is my brother.

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plan, lay, pay, place, beat, become, bite, blow, burn, buy, choose, hide, draw, try, feed, fly, forget, sell, decide, stop, cry, play, forgive, grow, hang, cost, hit, hold, keep, lead, lend, let, mean, retell, ride, work, send, shake, shine, slide, spell, spread, strike, think, throw, help, bear, drive, lie (лежать)

1. We had a nice walk two days ago. 2. When did the last readers' conference take place? 3. When my son was in the country in winter he played snowballs almost every day. He used to ski and to skate too. 4. He visited his native town in 1995. 5. The man entered the room, sat down at the table, ordered some food, and began to read a newspaper.

Упражнение 3. Преобразуйте следующие предложения соответственно в отрицательные или утвердительные.

1. It rained a great deal last summer. 2. I did not see many plays in Moscow. 3. The sun rose at 5 o'clock. 4. She did not come in time for dinner. 5. Pete didn't forget to put his clock forward and so was not late in the morning. 6. They did not think James was as clever as John. 7. You wrote your exercise very well last week. 8. Andrei Petrov left for Kiev an hour ago. 9. Ann did not join the library yesterday. 10. They took the book by Dickens last week.

Упражнение 4. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным членам предложений.

1. At half past twelve Miss Green stopped her work and went out to lunch. 2. Yes, I woke up at a quarter past seven. 3. Little Kate liked a lot of sugar in her tea. 4. You put the book on the top shelf. 5. Yesterday I had dinner with a friend of mine. 6. Mary drank coffee at breakfast yesterday. 7. No, I didn't go to the University last Saturday. 8. He came home late at night. 9. This morning I listened to the eight o'clock news. 10. They went out together to the cinema.

Упражнение 5. Поставьте разделительные вопросы к следующим предложениям.

1. Bernard Shaw was born in 1856. 2. He had to consult an encyclopaedia. 3. Samuel Johnson published his famous dictionary in 1755. 4. You got a lot of books as presents for your birthday. 5. The Encyclopaedia Britannica first appeared in 1771. 6. For some years the Bronte sisters worked as teachers. 7. Pete didn't go to the reference library yesterday. 8. Your sister bought the latest novel by this author on Monday. 9. The old man didn't like to lend his books. 10. Little Dickens had to work at a blacking factory.

Упражнение 6. Замените выделенные обстоятельства времени данными в скобках. Используйте подходящие по смыслу временные формы глаголов.

I. He often cooks his own breakfast. (yesterday; every morning; already) 2. We live in the country now. (before the war; never) 3. At last I know about it. (never; some days ago) 4. Every month she buys a lot of new books. (last month; lately) 5. He tells me about it every time he sees me. (two days ago; this week) 6. She doesn't often come to see us nowadays. (last year; yet) 7. I see my friend every day. (many

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years ago; just) 8. Mary doesn't often drink coffee. (at the party last night; lately) 9. My boy-friend goes to the country every week. (last night; this evening) 10. She borrows new books from the library regularly. (last week; today)

Упражнение 7. Поставьте глаголы в Past Indefinite Tense.

When I... to the South last year I hired a very small but comfortable room. (to come) There ... much furniture in it: a bed, a small round table, a wardrobe and two chairs. (not to be) The wash-stand and the shower ... in the garden. (to be) I usually

... at six o'clock in the morning, ..., ... the bed and in some twenty minutes I ... on my way to the sea. (to get up, to wash, to do, to be) It... me about ten minutes to go to the sea-shore. (to take) I ... my morning exercises and ... . (to do, to bathe) Then I ... down on the sand and ... in the sun till 11 o'clock. (to lie, to bask) At 11 sharp I... my basket and ... to the nearest canteen to have breakfast. (to take, to go) My breakfast... not very substantial, for I can't eat much after I've lain in the sun for several hours. (to be) On the beach I often ... some of my friends, who sometimes

... a transistor radio set with them. (to meet, to bring) It is very pleasant to listen in while you are lying in the sun. After dinner, which I... rather late, I... for a stroll along the sea-coast or to the tennis court to have a few sets of tennis. (to have, to go) When it... quite dark, I... to bathe for a second time together with my friends. (to be, to go) I ... to bed at 11 o'clock. (to go)

Упражнение 8. Используйте Present Perfect и Past Indefinite вместо Present Indefinite в

следующих предложениях. Придумайте естественный контекст, чтобы оправдать использование новых временных форм.

1. Peter often takes his wife to the theatre. 2. Her mother goes to the South every summer. 3. My sister always helps me to wash the dishes. 4. My teacher tells me to be more attentive at the lectures. 5. She sometimes meets her friend X. on her way to the University. 6. He seldom borrows books from this library. 7. His aunt gives lessons twice a week. 8. Her husband delivers lectures at the University. 9. My granny often reads books to my children. 10. My children try to speak English at home.

Упражнение 9. Используйте походящую по смыслу временную форму: Present Indefinite, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Past Indefinite.

a)1. I can't speak about this book, as I ... it. (not to read) 2. The sun ... the whole morning today, (to shine) 3. It is Friday today. ... you ... him this week? — Yes, I

... him on Monday. (to see) 4. Every day I ... my watch at nine o'clock in the evening. (to wind up) 5. When ... you... to Petersburg? I ... to Petersburg in 1995. (to come) 6. Ann, what... you ... here? I ... for a friend of mine. (to do, to wait) 7....

you ... the dictionary? — Yes, I... it two days ago. (to buy) 8. She ... not ... anything about it yesterday. (to say) 9. What exercise ... you ... ? — I ... exercise No. 3. (to write) 10. This student always ... to speak English with his comrades. (to try)

b)Here in Moscow in the past 12 months nearly half a million people ... into new flats, centrally heated, well equipped and let at fabulously high rents. (to move) Like the Yelkins, for instance, a family of three, who ... a large sum for a two-

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Д.: Да, читал. В прошлом году я прочел несколько книг Хэмингуэя на - ан глийском языке, а сейчас я только230 что закончил роман Пристли«Улица ангела». Мне очень понравилась эта книга.

Р.: А я недавно прочел несколько рассказов Сьюзен Хилл. Кстати, вы знаете, что ее роман «Я в замке король» был опубликован на русском языке?

Д.: Это очень интересно. В каком журнале он был опубликован?

Р.: В «Иностранной литературе». Я очень советую вам прочесть его.

UNIT 23

1. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в Past Indefinite

Упражнение 2. Переведите на английский язык.

1.Эта студентку могла сделать всю работу сама. 2. Он мог пойти в библиотеку с вами. 3. Эти студенты умели говорить по-английски в прошлом году. 4. Вчера мы должны были сделать много письменных упражнений. 5. Дети должны были выучить целый рассказ наизусть. 6. Нам с Колей пришлось идти быстрее, чтобы не опоздать на этот поезд. 7. Вчера мне надо было остаться дома. 8. Вам не нужно было вставать так рано. 9: Вечером он был дома, так как ему не нужно было идти в университет. 10. Моя маленькая племянница так устала в воскресенье, что была не в состоянии ничего делать. 11. Вы можете взять эту книгу. 12. Вам придется прийти в субботу.

2.Косвенная речь в прошедшем времени

Упражнение 1. Передайте в косвенной речи.

My friend Tom wrote: "I work in an office six days a week. On Sunday I am free. Six days a week I get up early, at half past six. I always have a shower and a shave, and then I have my breakfast. I usually leave home early, because I go on foot to the office. I always like this walk to the office, because I often meet my friend Bill, and then we continue our way together. However, I don't always walk to the office. My mother sometimes has a job for me before I go to work. I am always glad to do these jobs for my mother, because she is very good to me. When I do a job for my mother after breakfast I usually catch the bus to the office." Then he continued: "Write a letter to me, please, and don't delay the answer. Where do you live now? Do you work and study? When do you begin your work and classes? Must you get up very early? Is it difficult to work and to study? How many days a week do you study? Are your lessons interesting? Can you speak English a little?"