Практические упражнения. Англ. грамматика

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do) 4. Go and see! Our children ... soundly. (to sleep) 5. Our family usually ...

out of town on Sundays. (to go) 6. What ... the students ... at the moment? (to do)

— Some of the students ... themselves while the others ... a dialogue by heart. (to record, to learn) 7. ... your nephew ... English books in the original? (to read) 8. Hallo! Where ... you ... ? (to go) — I ... to the University. (to go) ... you ... there, too? (to go) — No, I ... not usually ... to the University in the morning. (to go) I

... evening classes. (to attend) 9. ... you ... the words of this English song? (to understand) — Yes, I ... that now I... them. (to think, to understand) 10. Whom ... you

... there? (to see)

Упражнение 5. Добавьте к следующим предложениям одно из следующих наречий: usually, generally, never, often, seldom, always, occasionally.

1. He is late for the lectures. 2. She goes to the theatre alone. 3. We write compositions. 4. We meet at the University. 5. My grandparents are full of energy. 6. I wind my watch up in the morning. 7. My watch loses five minutes a day. 8. I have an early breakfast. 9. We don't take this book from the reading-room, we take it from the library. 10. Dina sets her watch by the radio.

Упражнение 6. Дайте краткие утвердительные или отрицательные ответы на вопросы.

1. Is she a fourth-year student? Does she have many classes a day? 2. Do you read many English books? Are you reading an English book now? 3. Do you have breakfast at home? 4. Are you having a lecture on Modern English Literature on Monday? 5. Can you take this book for me from the library? 6. Need I say anything to that? 7. May I take this piece of chalk? 8. Are you having good weather? 9. Is she doing anything today? 10. Does she know any student of group 3?

Упражнение 7. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Where do you live? Do you walk to the Institute? 2. What song is she playing? Does she play the piano well? 3. Comrade Z. is learning French, isn't she? Do you think she works hard at her pronunciation? 4. Are you writing a dictation now? How often do you write dictations? Do you make many mistakes in them? 5. May I come to your place in the evening? At what time are you going to do the translation?

1. The sun is not shining through the windows of the classroom. 2. It is the second half of September. 3. We usually set our watches by the Kremlin clock. 4. It is not snowing outside. 5. There are all modern conveniences in his new flat. 6. His brother has not got a car. 7. Her sister has English lessons twice a week. 8. My papers usually lie on my desk. 9. You must pay attention to your health. 10. He does not

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1. ... you usually ... lunch at home? 2. ... you ... to cook dinner before Mother comes home? 3. He ... an alarm-clock in his bedroom (neg.). 4. ... you ... a bath in the evening? 5. Some students ... a substantial breakfast in the morning. 6.

2. Предложения с вводящим it

Упражнение 1. Дополните следующие предложения сочетаниями с инфинитивом.

1. It is difficult ... . 2. It is easy ... . 3. It is pleasant ... . 4. It is nice ... . 5. It's not pleasant ... . 6. It's interesting ... . 7. It's not easy ... . 8. It's not simple

... . 9. It is hard ... . 10. It is comfortable ... . 11. It is important ... . 12. It is necessary ... . 13. It is impossible ... .

Упражнение 3. Переведите на английский язык.

Ранняя весна. Тепло. Уже 10 часов утра. Солнце ярко светит в окна моего кабинета. Я сижу за письменным столом и готовлюсь к завтрашним занятиям. Сегодня воскресенье. Я слышу веселые голоса детей и их смех. Я подхожу к окну и смотрю на улицу. Там много детей. Я открываю окно. В комнате становится прохладно. Настроение у меня хорошее. Жаль, что нельзя сразу же выйти на улицу: я должна перевести до конца текст из газеты. Очень трудно переводить такой текст без словаря.

Можно к тебе? — спрашивает брат.— Ты уже свободна? Да,— кричу я.— Входи.

Как холодно у тебя в комнате! Уже четверть одиннадцатого, пора ехать на вокзал. Дядя Миша уезжает сегодня в 11.

Я смотрю на часы. На моих пять минут одиннадцатого. Значит, мои часы отстают.

— Хорошо,— говорю я.— Достань мой берет (beret) из шкафа. Нет, не зеленый, а синий.

В половине одиннадцатого мы уже на улице. Какая великолепная погода! Солнце такое яркое!

Да, это настоящая весна!

3. Позиция обстоятельств в предложении

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки и поставьте обстоятельства на соответствующие им места в предложениях.

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1. You are the last to arrive (always). 2. She is late (never). 3. I write to him (often), but he answers my letters (seldom). 4. I am indebted to you for your help (deeply). 5. He answers our questions (impatiently). 6. We try to work well (always). 7. He gets up before half past eight (never). 8. He is seven years old (already). 9. He is in time (always). 10. The sun is shining (to-day, brightly). 11. He is able to carry his trunk (hardly). 12. I can believe such a story as that (scarcely). 13. I get letters from him (sometimes). 14. I have money to buy an MP3-player (enough).

UNIT 16 1. Наречие

bad, bright, beautiful, poor, wise, new, lucky, hopeful, happy, gay, quick, shy, easy, ready, cheap

Упражнение 2. Используйте правильную форму слова в скобках.

1. Everybody says that she sings (bad, badly). 2. It is (easy, easily) to swim down the river. 3. It is (pleasant, pleasantly) to go for a walk on a warm summer day. 4. The park looks (beautiful, beautifully) when the leaves begin to come out on the trees. 5. Our team is as (good, well) as yours. 6. The light is shining (bright, brightly) in my face. 7. He plays chess as (good, well) as she does. 8. You can do this work quite (easy, easily). 9. See how (good, well) you can do your work if you want to. 10. Vera looks quite (different, differently) after her illness.

Упражнение 3. Дайте сравнительную и превосходную степени следующих наречий. hard, fast, wisely, well, badly, heartily, much, little, near, far, happily, brightly

Упражнение 4. Используйте правильную форму наречий в скобках.

1.This sportsman runs (fast) of all. 2. I like this novel (well) of all. 3. My grandmother always asks me to come (close) to hear me (well). 4. My sister speaks English far (well) than I do. 5. The (much) we read the (soon) we enlarge our vocabulary. 6. These sportsmen jump (high) than any other sportsmen in the world. 7.1 live (far) from the University than my friend. 8. Please give me some (much) tea. 9. This student works at her English (little) than that one. 10. My nephew goes to the theatre (often) than my niece.

2.Употребление артиклей с существительнымиbreakfast, lunch, dinner, supper

Упражнение 1. Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.

1. I usually have ... breakfast at eight o'clock. 2. I like to have... hot breakfast in ... morning. 3. What do you usually have for ... breakfast? I usually have ...

eggs, bread, butter and tea for breakfast. It is ... very substantial breakfast, isn't it? 4. ... breakfast today is very good. 5. I like to have... dinner at home. 6. In summer we have ... very simple dinner at home. 7. ... dinner is already cold; we must warm it up. 8. I have ... supper with my friend three times ... week. 9. It is pleasant to

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play ... chess in ... evening after ... good supper. 10. ... dinner is over. 11. ... supper is ready.

3. Глаголы to make и to do.

Упражнение 1. Вставьте подходящие по смыслу глаголы to do или to make.

1. Will you please ... the beds while I ... the cooking? 2. You can ... progress only if you ... all the exercises. 3. Don't... this mistake again. 4. You must... your work first, then you may take out your bike for a run in the country. 5. Don't... anything until he comes back. 6. You can ... a very nice summer dress out of this material. 7. Let her ... the cake herself, she must learn how ... it. 8. Don't put off till tomorrow what you can ... today. 9. I always ... the beds and ... the room myself. 10. Don't ask Mary ... coffee, she doesn't know how ... it.

4. Союзы neither ... nor («ни ... ни») и either ... or («или ... или»)

Упражнение 1. Измените предложения по образцу.

Образец: You or I must do the room today. Either you or I must do the room today.

a) 1. You must water the flowers in the morning or in the evening. 2. I can get this book in translation or in the original. 3. Don't worry about me. I can have dinner at our refectory or at some cafeteria today. 4. Mary or Kate can do the shopping. 5. She can wash the floor on Friday or on Saturday. 6. I can make the birthday cake on Saturday night or on Sunday morning. It's all the same to me.

Образец: Tom and Harry haven't got much money. Neither Tom nor Harry has got much money.

b) 1. Kate and her sister do not like porridge for breakfast. 2. What a pity Pete and I can't go to the pictures today. 3. Father and Mother do not want to have dinner at a cafeteria on Sunday. 4. My brother and I do not like tea with much sugar in it. 5. Helen and her sister cannot drink hot milk. They dislike it. 6. Nelly and Alec are not making any noticeable progress in English.

5. Предлоги времени:

end: 11. She intends to return to Volgograd ... a fortnight. 12. Why are you late ...

your classes today? 13. May I have this magazine ... an hour? 14. Tell the man to bring his report ... an hour. 15. Don't forget to open the window ... the break. 16. You may call on me ... any time you like. 17. It is ten ... nine by my watch. 18. I'm going to work in our library... three hours tomorrow.

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UNIT 17

1. Косвенная речь (Reported Speech) в настоящем времени?

Упражнение 1. Передайте следующие утверждения в косвенной речи.

1. Mother says, "Jane, aunt Eliza is coming to tea tonight." 2. My sister Mary says, "It is time to get up andstart getting ready for your work." 3. Nick says, "I tike to listen to the news while I am having breakfast." 4. My friend says, "If I have time I walk to the University, and if I have no time I take a bus." 5. The students say, "We must be at the University at 6 p.m." 6. The teacher says, "You can easily translate this text without a dictionary." 7, Jane says, "I always help my mother to wash up after meals." 8. Jack says, "In our new flat we have all modern conveniences." 9. My colleague says, "There is a bus stop quite near my house." 10. My father says, "On Sundays I don't like to get up very early."

Упражнение 2. Передайте в косвенной речи следующие команды и просьбы используя глаголы to tell, to ask, to order в Present Indefinite Tense.

Teacher: John, go to the blackboard and rub out the wrong sentence. Write the day of the week and the date. Tom, don't talk in class! John, please go back to your seat. The whole class, take out your exercise-books quietly and write down the day of the week and the date at the top of the page. Please don't make any noise. George, please get me some more white chalk. Don't bring any coloured chalk. The whole class, open your textbooks at page 107. Tom, please begin to read at the top of the page. Don't read too fast.

Упражнение 3. Передайте в косвенной речи следующие вопросы.

My friend asks, "Who wakes you up in the morning? When does your working day begin? Do you usually do morning exercises? Do you air your room before you go away? What do you usually have for breakfast? Do you do the bed before you leave the house? How long does it take you to get to your office? Do you go there by tram or by bus? Is there a bus stop near your house? How long does your working day last? Do you go out for dinner? At what time do you usually come home? Do you cook the meals yourself? Do you have supper with your parents at home? Do you have time to watch TV programmes in the evening? Does your mother prefer to listen in or to watch TV programmes? Does your father come home earlier than you? Does your sister go to the University every evening? Does she study well? Can she already speak English a little? At what time do you usually go to bed?"

2. Сложные местоимения с первым компонентом some, any, no, every

Упражнение 1. Вставьте somebody, someone, anybody, something, anything, everything, nothing, anyone, everybody, nobody, no one, none. Дайте два варианта, где это возможно.

1.I see... at the window. 2. Is there... new? 3. There is... in the next room who wants to speak to you. 4. ... knows about it. 5. Will you give me ... to eat, I am hungry. 6. If... calls while I am out, ask him to wait. 7. If there is ... else you want, please let me know. 8. I haven't any more money about me, so I cannot buy ... else. 9. Where can I get... to eat? 10. When can I find ... here who can give me some information on this question? 11. Let me know if... happens. 12. I know ... about

Where is the book? — It's on the table.— But there is ... there. 17. Please tell us the story. … knows it yet. 18. Is there ... in your group who lives in the hostel? 19. ...

can answer this question. It is too difficult. 20. ... can answer this question. It is very easy. 21. The room is empty. ... is in. 22. ... likes to go out for a walk when it is raining. 23. Can you see ... through the fog?

Упражнение 2. Вставьте одно из следующих наречий: somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere. Дайте два варианта, где это возможно.

1. Let's go ... . The weather is fine. I don't want to stay at home in such weather. 2. I cannot find my glasses . ... I always put them ... and then look for them for hours. 3. Today is a holiday. The streets are full of people. There are flags, banners and flowers ... . 4. You can buy this dictionary..., it is on sale now. 5. You can go ... in summer. 6. Do your parents live ... near Petersburg? 7. There are so many people

... today. 8. He goes ... in the evenings. 9. Let's go ... as I have a headache. 10. Your book must be ... on the shelf.

Упражнение 3. Образуйте вопросы по образцу и дайте ответы(положительные или отрицательные).

Образец: — Is there anybody at the telephone?

—Yes, there is somebody.

—No, there is nobody.

—No, there isn't anybody.

Упражнение 4. Translate into English the words given in brackets.

1. They understand (ничего). 2. Don't go (никуда) tonight. 3. (Никто) is standing there. 4. There is (ничего) in the cup. 5. (Никто из ваших студентов) speaks Russian during the break. 6. Don't ask him (ни о чем). 7. (Никто из них) knows (ничего) about this book. 8. (Каждый) knows it. 9. (Кто-то) is knocking at the door. 10.1 want to tell you (что-то). 11. She reminds me of (кого-то). 12. (Некоторые из нас) know her address. 13. Have you got (какие-нибудь) questions? 14. Where can I get (что-нибудь) to drink? 15. (Кто-то из нас) must stay

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here. 16. (Любой из вас) can do it. 17. (Кто-то из них) must speak to the teacher about it. 18. (Никто из нас) knows this rule. We must learn it. 19. If there is (чтонибудь) interesting in this magazine, let me know. 20. She knows (всё) already.

Упражнение 5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы отрицательно.

Образец: Where are you going? — Nowhere.

Which of these two bags is yours? — Neither.

I. Where are you going to leave the book? 2. Who are you talking to? 3. How much do these flowers cost? 4. What are you doing? 5. Who do you meet? 6. Whom do they want to see? 7. Which of these two books do you want to read? 8. What are you thinking about? 9. Where do you want to go? 10. How many glasses of tea do you drink in the morning? 11. What do you see here? 12. Which of these two umbrellas is yours? 13. Which of the two girls is your sister? 14. Where does she work? 15. Who helps her about the house?

Упражнение 6. Замените в следующих предложениях no на not … any.

1.I have no time to help you. 2. There is no more sugar in the sugar-basin. 3.I can see my hat nowhere. 4. We see nobody we know yet. 5. They want nothing to eat. 6. I have no more money. 7. There are no students in the room. 8. There is nobody in the garden. 9. I want no more, thank you. 10. My uncle can see nothing without his glasses.

3. Глагол to have в сочетании с прямым дополнением и пассивным причастием.

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сочетание глагола to have с прямым дополнением и пассивным причастием.

1. I shall have your taxi kept at the door. 2. I shall have your things brought up and unpacked at once. 3. I must have my hair cut tomorrow. 4. I have just had my photograph taken and thought you might like to get one. 5. I meant to have this dress altered but I never did. 6. She has had no photographs of herself taken since her childhood. 7. Have this carpet spread on the floor. 8. They had some dinner brought. 9. She had the children looked after in the evening when she went out. 10. Ellen had her needle threaded for her as her eyesight was getting worse and worse. 11. I must have these shoes mended. 12. I shall have my son taught music. 13. The planters had the trees in the jungle cut down.

UNIT 18

1. Эквиваленты модальных глаголов в настоящем времени

Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски, используя a) must, b) can или их эквиваленты. Вставьте частицу to, где необходимо.

a) 1. I ... go now. (It's late.) What a pity you ... go now. (It's time for you to catch the last train.) 2. We ... begin before five. (If we don't do it we cannot finish our work on time.) We... begin before five. (We cannot begin later because that's the time arranged.) 3. He ... cook dinner himself. (I can't help him.) He ... cook dinner himself. (He has got no one to help him.) 4. He „. stay at my place. (I ask him to do

Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы, используя mayn't, mustn't, needn't.

1. Must I do the room? — No, you.... It is clean. 2. Mother, may I play with matches? — No, you ... . 3. Must we go there at once? — No, you .... 4. Shall I meet you at the university after the evening classes? — No, you .... Peter promised to see me

weather we are having today! 4. ... windy morning it is! 5. ... well he translates

b) such a (an), such или so.

1. It is ... interesting book! 2. This room is ... comfortable and light! 3. They are...

diligent students! 4. English spelling is ... difficult. 5. It is ... hot here! Take your coat off. 6. To collect clocks! It is ... unusual hobby. 7. It was very impolite of you to come at... late hour! 8. It is ... wrong conclusion! 9. It is ... far from here! 10. It is ... simple radio to regulate.

Упражнение 2. Измените следующие предложения по образцу, a) Образец I: He is clever.

He is so clever! How clever he is!

1. She is dull. 2. It is late. 3. We are tired. 4. These children are noisy. 5. She speaks English well.

b) Образец II: He is a clever boy.

He is such a clever boy! What a clever boy he is!

1. She is a bright student. 2. He is a talented writer. 3. She is a well-read girl. 4. He is a tall boy. 5. They are clever children.

c) Образец III: It is a difficult exercise. It is such a difficult exercise! This exercise is so difficult!

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How difficult this exercise is! What a difficult exercise it is.

1. It is an interesting article. 2. It is a dull book. 3. It is a comfortable flat. 4. It is a wonderful story. 5. It is a fine day. 6. The weather is wretched today. 7. The day is bitterly cold. 8.It is getting dark. 9. We are having changeable weather today.

Упражнение 3. Образуйте 10 восклицательных предложений с использованием местоимений what и such или наречий how и so.

3. Различие между вопросительными местоимениямиwho (whom), what, which.

your favourite English writer? 10. ... do you like to drink in the morning: tea or

my brother to the watchmaker? 4. Are there any new magazines? I don't want to read the old .... 5. Don't take a knife out of the drawer, take... from the kitchen table. 6.I want to buy a new bookcase. What do you think of that...? 7.I like Simono- v's books and ... by Nagibin. 8. Does your brother want to live in this room or in that ...? 9. There are two tables in the dining-room: a big ... in the centre and a