- •TABLE OF CONTENTS
- •CHAPTER 1 Structure of Materials
- •CHAPTER 2 Composition of Materials
- •CHAPTER 3 Phase Diagram Sources
- •Compressive Strength
- •Yield Strength
- •Shear Strength
- •Hardness
- •Abrasion Resistance
- •Fracture Toughness
- •Tensile Modulus
- •Young’s Modulus
- •Elastic Modulus
- •Compression Modulus
- •Bulk Modulus
- •Torsion Modulus
- •Modulus of Rupture
- •Elongation
- •Area Reduction
- •Viscosity
- •Dissipation Factor
- •Dielectric Strength
- •Tangent Loss
- •Density
- •Heat of Fusion
- •Thermal Conductivity
- •Thermal Expansion
- •Compressive Strength
- •Yield Strength
- •Flexural Strength
- •Friction
- •Abrasion Resistance
- •Poisson’s Ratio
- •Elongation
- •Area Reduction
- •Dissipation Factor
- •Tangent Loss
- •Permittivity
- •Arc Resistance
- •Flammability
Table 422. SELECTING ELONGATION OF TOOL STEELS
|
|
Elongation |
Type |
Condition |
(%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
L6 |
Oil quenched from 845 •C and single tempered at 315 •C |
4 |
S1 |
Oil quenched from 930 •C and single tempered at 315 •C |
4 |
L2 |
Oil quenched from 855 •C and single tempered at 205 •C |
5 |
S1 |
Oil quenched from 930 •C and single tempered at 425 •C |
5 |
S5 |
Oil quenched from 870 •C and single tempered at 205 •C |
5 |
S5 |
Oil quenched from 870 •C and single tempered at 315 •C |
7 |
S7 |
Fan cooled from 940 •C and single tempered at 205 •C |
7 |
L6 |
Oil quenched from 845 •C and single tempered at 425 •C |
8 |
S1 |
Oil quenched from 930 •C and single tempered at 540 •C |
9 |
S5 |
Oil quenched from 870 •C and single tempered at 425 •C |
9 |
S7 |
Fan cooled from 940 •C and single tempered at 315 •C |
9 |
L2 |
Oil quenched from 855 •C and single tempered at 315 •C |
10 |
S5 |
Oil quenched from 870 •C and single tempered at 540 •C |
10 |
S7 |
Fan cooled from 940 •C and single tempered at 425 •C |
10 |
S7 |
Fan cooled from 940 •C and single tempered at 540 •C |
10 |
L2 |
Oil quenched from 855 •C and single tempered at 425 •C |
12 |
L6 |
Oil quenched from 845 •C and single tempered at 540 •C |
12 |
S1 |
Oil quenched from 930 •C and single tempered at 650 •C |
12 |
S7 |
Fan cooled from 940 •C and single tempered at 650 •C |
14 |
L2 |
Oil quenched from 855 •C and single tempered at 540 •C |
15 |
S5 |
Oil quenched from 870 •C and single tempered at 650 •C |
15 |
L6 |
Oil quenched from 845 •C and single tempered at 650 •C |
20 |
S1 |
Annealed |
24 |
L2 |
Annealed |
25 |
L2 |
Oil quenched from 855 •C and single tempered at 650 •C |
25 |
L6 |
Annealed |
25 |
S5 |
Annealed |
25 |
S7 |
Annealed |
25 |
|
|
|
Source: Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Second Edition, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073, p241, (1984).
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Table 423. SELECTING ELONGATION OF DUCTILE IRONS
Specification |
Grade or |
Elongation |
Number |
Class |
(%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASTM A536-72; MIL-1-11466B(MR) |
120-90-02 |
2 |
ASTM A476-70(d); SAE AMS5316 |
80-60-03 |
3 |
ASTM A536-72; MIL-1-11466B(MR) |
100-70-03 |
3 |
SAE J434c |
D7003 |
3 |
ASTM A536-72; MIL-1-11466B(MR) |
80-55-06 |
6 |
SAE J434c |
D5506 |
6 |
MlL-I-24137(Ships) |
Class B |
7 |
ASTM A536-72; MIL-1-11466B(MR) |
65-45-12 |
12 |
SAE J434c |
D4512 |
12 |
MlL-I-24137(Ships) |
Class A |
15 |
ASTM A395-76; ASME SA395 |
60-40-18 |
18 |
ASTM A536-72; MIL-1-11466B(MR) |
60-40-18 |
18 |
SAE J434c |
D4018 |
18 |
MlL-I-24137(Ships) |
Class C |
20 |
|
|
|
Source: data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Second Edition, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073, p169, (1984).
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Table 424. SELECTING ELONGATION OF
MALLEABLE IRON CASTINGS
Specification |
Grade or |
Elongation |
Number |
Class |
(%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASTM A220; ANSI C48.2; MIL-I-11444B |
90001 |
1 |
ASTM A602; SAE J158 |
M8501(b) |
1 |
ASTM A220; ANSI C48.2; MIL-I-11444B |
80002 |
2 |
ASTM A602; SAE J158 |
M7002(b) |
2 |
ASTM A220; ANSI C48.2; MIL-I-11444B |
70003 |
3 |
ASTM A602; SAE J158 |
M5003(a) |
3 |
ASTM A602; SAE J158 |
M5503(b) |
3 |
ASTM A220; ANSI C48.2; MIL-I-11444B |
60004 |
4 |
ASTM A602; SAE J158 |
M4504(a) |
4 |
ASTM A197 |
|
5 |
ASTM A220; ANSI C48.2; MIL-I-11444B |
50005 |
5 |
ASTM A220; ANSI C48.2; MIL-I-11444B |
45006 |
6 |
ASTM A220; ANSI C48.2; MIL-I-11444B |
45008 |
8 |
ASTM A47, A338; ANSI G48.1; FED QQ-I-666c |
32510 |
10 |
ASTM A220; ANSI C48.2; MIL-I-11444B |
40010 |
10 |
ASTM A602; SAE J158 |
M3210 |
10 |
ASTM A47, A338; ANSI G48.1; FED QQ-I-666c |
35018 |
18 |
|
|
|
(a) Air quenched and tempered
(b) Liquid quenched and tempered
Source: data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Second Edition, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073, p171, (1984).
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Table 425. SELECTING TOTAL ELONGATION OF
CAST ALUMINUM ALLOYS (SHEET 1 OF 3)
Alloy |
|
Elongation (in 2 in.) |
AA No. |
Temper |
(%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
242.0 |
T571 |
0.5 |
242.0 |
T61 |
0.5 |
336.0 |
T551 |
0.5 |
336.0 |
T65 |
0.5 |
355.0 |
T7 |
0.5 |
A390.0 |
F,T5 |
<1.0 |
A390.0 |
T6 |
<1.0 |
A390.0 |
T7 |
<1.0 |
A390.0 |
T6 |
<1.0 |
A390.0 |
T7 |
<1.0 |
242.0 |
T21 |
1.0 |
242.0 |
T571 |
1.0 |
355.0 |
T61 |
1.0 |
390.0 |
F |
1.0 |
390.0 |
T5 |
1.0 |
A390.0 |
F,T5 |
1.0 |
355.0 |
T51 |
1.5 |
355.0 |
T71 |
1.5 |
355.0 |
T62 |
1.5 |
242.0 |
T77 |
2.0 |
295.0 |
T62 |
2.0 |
308.0 |
F |
2.0 |
319.0 |
F |
2.0 |
319.0 |
T6 |
2.0 |
355.0 |
T51 |
2.0 |
355.0 |
T7 |
2.0 |
356.0 |
T51 |
2.0 |
356.0 |
T7 |
2.0 |
|
|
|
Source: data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Second Edition, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073, (1984).
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Table 425. SELECTING TOTAL ELONGATION OF
CAST ALUMINUM ALLOYS (SHEET 2 OF 3)
Alloy |
|
Elongation (in 2 in.) |
AA No. |
Temper |
(%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
208.0 |
F |
2.5 |
319.0 |
F |
2.5 |
384.0, A384.0 |
F |
2.5 |
413.0 |
F |
2.5 |
319.0 |
T6 |
3.0 |
355.0 |
T6 |
3.0 |
355.0 |
T71 |
3.0 |
360.0 |
F |
3.0 |
380.0 |
F |
3.0 |
713.0 |
T5 |
3.0 |
356.0 |
T6 |
3.5 |
356.0 |
T71 |
3.5 |
383.0 |
F |
3.5 |
A413.0 |
F |
3.5 |
355.0 |
T6 |
4.0 |
713.0 |
T5 |
4.0 |
201.0 |
T7 |
4.5 |
296.0 |
T7 |
4.5 |
295.0 |
T6 |
5.0 |
296.0 |
T6 |
5.0 |
356.0 |
T6 |
5.0 |
A360.0 |
F |
5.0 |
712.0 |
F |
5.0 |
518.0 |
F |
5.0—8.0 |
359.0 |
T62 |
5.5 |
354.0 |
T61 |
6.0 |
356.0 |
T7 |
6.0 |
359.0 |
T61 |
6.0 |
|
|
|
Source: data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Second Edition, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073, (1984).
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Table 425. SELECTING TOTAL ELONGATION OF
CAST ALUMINUM ALLOYS (SHEET 3 OF 3)
Alloy |
|
Elongation (in 2 in.) |
AA No. |
Temper |
(%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
201.0 |
T6 |
7 |
357.0, A357.0 |
T62 |
8.0 |
443.0 |
F |
8.0 |
295.0 |
T4 |
8.5 |
296.0 |
T4 |
9.0 |
C443.0 |
F |
9.0 |
514.0 |
F |
9.0 |
771.0 |
T6 |
9.0 |
B443.0 |
F |
10.0 |
850.0 |
T5 |
10.0 |
206.0, A206.0 |
T7 |
11.7 |
535.0 |
F |
13 |
520.0 |
T4 |
16 |
201.0 |
T4 |
20 |
|
|
|
Source: data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Second Edition, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073, (1984).
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Table 426. SELECTING TOTAL ELONGATION OF POLYMERS
(SHEET 1 OF 4)
|
Elongation (in 2 in.), (ASTM D638) |
Polymer |
(%) |
|
|
|
|
Polycarbonate (40% glass fiber reinforced) |
0—5 |
Phenolic, Molded, Very high shock: glass fiber filled |
0.2 |
Reinforced polyester moldings: High strength (glass fibers) |
0.3—0.5 |
Phenolic, Molded, High shock: chopped fabric or cord filled |
0.37—0.57 |
Phenolic, Molded, General: woodflour and flock filled |
0.4—0.8 |
Styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) |
0.5—4.5 |
Melamine, Molded: Cellulose electrical |
0.6 |
Rubber phenolic—woodflour or flock filled |
0.75—2.25 |
Polymide: Glass reinforced |
<1 |
Polymide: Unreinforced |
<1—1.2 |
Ureas; Molded: Alpha—cellulose filled (ASTM Type l) |
1 |
Polystyrenes, Molded: General purpose |
1.0—2.3 |
Polyvinyl Chloride & Copolymers: Rigid—normal impact |
1—10 |
Polyester, Thermoplastic Moldings: Glass reinforced grades |
1—5 |
Polystyrenes, Molded: Glass fiber -30% reinforced |
1.1 |
Glass fiber (30%) reinforced Styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) |
1.4—1.6 |
Epoxy, Standard: Cast flexible |
1.5-60 |
Polyester, Thermoset Cast: Rigid |
1.7—2.6 |
6/6 Nylon, Molded, Extruded: Glass fiber reinforced |
1.8—2.2 |
6/10 Nylon: Glass fiber (30%) reinforced |
1.9 |
Polypropylene: Glass reinforced |
2—4 |
Epoxy, High performance: Cast, rigid |
2—5 |
Acrylic Cast Resin Sheets, Rods: General purpose, type I |
2—7 |
Acrylic Cast Resin Sheets, Rods: General purpose, type II |
2—7 |
Nylon, Type 6: Glass fiber (30%) reinforced |
2.2—3.6 |
Epoxy novolacs: Glass cloth laminate |
2.2—4.8 |
Silicones: Fibrous (glass) reinforced silicones |
<3 (ASTM D651) |
Silicone: Granular (silica) reinforced |
<3 (ASTM D651) |
|
|
Source: data compiled by J.S. Park from Charles T. Lynch, CRC Handbook of Materials Science,Vol. 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1975 and Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.2, Engineering Plastics, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio, 1988.
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Table 426. SELECTING TOTAL ELONGATION OF POLYMERS
(SHEET 2 OF 4)
|
Elongation (in 2 in.), (ASTM D638) |
Polymer |
(%) |
|
|
|
|
6/6 Nylon: Glass fiber Molybdenum disulfide filled |
3 |
Polyacetal Copolymer: 25% glass reinforced |
3 |
Polyphenylene sulfide: Standard |
3 |
Polystyrenes, Molded: Medium impact |
3.0—40 |
Polypropylene: Flame retardant |
3—15 |
Polypropylene: Asbestos filled |
3—20 |
Acrylic Moldings: Grades 5, 6, 8 |
3—5 |
Polyphenylene sulfide: 40% glass reinforced |
3—9 |
Phenylene Oxides: Glass fiber reinforced |
4—6 |
Epoxy, Standard: Cast rigid |
4.4 |
Polyester, Thermoplastic Moldings: Glass reinforced grade |
<5 |
Polyester, Thermoplastic Moldings: Asbestos—filled grade |
<5 |
Polyester, Thermoplastic: Glass reinforced self extinguishing |
5 |
ABS Resins: Medium impact |
5—20 |
ABS Resins: High impact |
5—50 |
Polyacetal Homopolymer: 20% glass reinforced |
7 |
Ceramic reinforced (PTFE) |
10—200 |
Polyacetal Homopolymer: 22% TFE reinforced |
12 |
Polyvinyl Chloride & Copolymers: Vinylidene chloride |
15—30 |
Polyarylsulfone |
15—40 |
6/6 Nylon: General purpose molding |
15—60, 300 |
ABS Resins: Heat resistant |
20 |
Nylon, Molded, Extruded Type 6: Cast |
20 |
Olefin Copolymers, Molded: Ethylene butene |
20 |
ABS Resins: Very high impact |
20—50 |
Polyacetal Homopolymer: Standard |
25 |
Acrylic Moldings: High impact grade |
>25 |
Polyester, Thermoset Cast: Flexible |
25—300 |
|
|
Source: data compiled by J.S. Park from Charles T. Lynch, CRC Handbook of Materials Science,Vol. 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1975 and Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.2, Engineering Plastics, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio, 1988.
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Table 426. SELECTING TOTAL ELONGATION OF POLYMERS
(SHEET 3 OF 4)
|
Elongation (in 2 in.), (ASTM D638) |
Polymer |
(%) |
|
|
|
|
Nylon, Molded, Extruded Type 6: General purpose |
30—100 |
ABS Resins: Low temperature impact |
30—200 |
Polypropylene: High impact |
30—>200 |
Polyacetal Copolymer: High flow |
40 |
Phenylene Oxides: SE—100 |
50 |
Phenylene oxides (Noryl): Standard |
50—100 |
Polyethylene, Type III: Melt Melt index 0.l—12.0 |
50—l,000 |
Phenylene Oxides: SE—1 |
60 |
Polyacetal Copolymer: Standard |
60—75 |
Polyethylene, Type I: Melt index 200 |
80—100 (ASTM D412) |
6/10 Nylon: General purpose |
85—220 |
6/6 Nylon: General purpose extrusion |
90—240 |
PVC–Acrylic Alloy: sheet |
>100 |
Nylon, Type 11 |
100—120 |
Polypropylene: General purpose |
100—600 |
Polyethylene, Type III: Melt index 1.5—15 |
100—700 |
Polycarbonate |
110 |
ABS–Polycarbonate Alloy |
110 |
Nylon, Type 12 |
120—350 |
Polytrifluoro chloroethylene (PTFCE) |
125—175 |
Polyethylene, Type I: Melt index 6—26 |
125—675 (ASTM D412) |
Chlorinated polyether |
130 |
PVC–Acrylic Alloy: injection molded |
150 |
Polyethylene, Type II: Melt index 20 |
200 |
Polyvinylidene— fluoride (PVDF) |
200—300 |
Nylon, Molded, Extruded Type 6: Flexible copolymers |
200—320 |
Polyethylene, Type II: Melt index l.0—1.9 |
200—425 |
Polyvinyl Chloride & Copolymers: Nonrigid—general |
200—450 |
|
|
Source: data compiled by J.S. Park from Charles T. Lynch, CRC Handbook of Materials Science,Vol. 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1975 and Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.2, Engineering Plastics, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio, 1988.
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Table 426. SELECTING TOTAL ELONGATION OF POLYMERS
(SHEET 4 OF 4)
|
Elongation (in 2 in.), (ASTM D638) |
Polymer |
(%) |
|
|
|
|
Polyvinyl Chloride & Copolymers: Nonrigid—electrical |
220—360 |
Polyester, Thermoplastic Moldings: General purpose grade |
250 |
Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) |
250—330 |
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) |
250—350 |
Polyester, Thermoplastic Moldings: General purpose grade |
300 |
Olefin Copolymers, Molded: Polyallomer |
300—400 |
Nylon, Type 8 |
400 |
Polyethylene, Type III: High molecular weight |
400 |
Olefin Copolymers, Molded: Ionomer |
450 |
Polyethylene, Type I: Melt index 0.3—3.6 |
500—725 (ASTM D412) |
Olefin Copolymers, Molded: EEA (ethylene ethyl acrylate) |
650 |
Olefin Copolymers, Molded: EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) |
650 |
Polyethylene, Type III: Melt index 0.2—0.9 |
700—1,000 |
|
|
Source: data compiled by J.S. Park from Charles T. Lynch, CRC Handbook of Materials Science,Vol. 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1975 and Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.2, Engineering Plastics, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio, 1988.
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Table 427. SELECTING ELONGATION AT YIELD OF POLYMERS
|
Elongation at Yield, (ASTM D638) |
Polymer |
(%) |
|
|
|
|
Polystyrene: General purpose |
1.0—2.3 |
Polystyrene: Glass fiber -30% reinforced |
1.1 |
Polystyrene: Medium impact |
1.2—3.0 |
Polyphenylene sulfide: 40% glass reinforced |
1.25 |
Polystyrene: Glass fiber (30%) reinforced SAN |
1.4—1.6 |
Polystyrene: High impact |
1.5—2.0 |
Polyphenylene sulfide: Standard |
1.6 |
Phenylene oxides (Noryl): Glass fiber reinforced |
2—1.6 |
Polyacetal Copolymer: 25% glass reinforced |
3 |
Polycarbonate |
5 |
Nylon, Type 6: Cast |
5 |
Polypropylene: Asbestos filled |
5 |
6/6 Nylon: General purpose molding |
5—25 |
6/6 Nylon: General purpose extrusion |
5—30 |
6/10 Nylon: General purpose |
5—30 |
Phenylene oxides (Noryl): Standard |
5.6 |
Nylon, Type 12 |
5.8 |
Polyarylsulfone |
6.5—13 |
Polypropylene: High impact |
7—13 |
Polypropylene: General purpose |
9—15 |
Polyacetal Homopolymer: Standard |
12 |
Polyacetal Copolymer: Standard |
12 |
Polyacetal Copolymer: High flow |
12 |
Chlorinated polyether |
15 |
|
|
Source: data compiled by J.S. Park from Charles T. Lynch, CRC Handbook of Materials Science, Vol. 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1975 and Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.2, Engineering Plastics, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio, 1988.
©2001 CRC Press LLC