jazuk_prom_reg

11.start-up

3.Translate the given abstract into Russian.

Wood Flake and Strand Products. Like particleboard, wood flake and strand products differ from standard lumber and veneer products in that the log is first broken apart, and the products are then formed from these pieces. As their name implies, wood flake and strand (long thin strip of wood) products are made from large flakes and strands of wood that are arranged in layers and then pressed into panels. These panels can be as strong as plywood but are cheaper to make because flakes can be made from lower-quality logs.

Waferboard and Oriented Strand Board. For waferboard, the bark is removed from the logs, which are then mechanically broken apart into square to rectangular flakes typically 5 to 8 cm (2 to 3 in) long. These fragments are dried, coated with adhesive, distributed randomly, and pressed into a large panel, called waferboard, that is then cut into smaller panels – often with the same dimensions as plywood sheets. Today, wafer board has been largely replaced by oriented strand board, which is stiffer and stronger than waferboard. Oriented strand board is made by the same method as waferboard but with longer wood flakes – about 8 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in) long. In addition to being longer than waferboard flakes, the flakes used to make oriented strand board are also narrower, allowing them to be more closely aligned. Three to five layers of flakes are stacked with the direction of the flakes in each layer running perpendicular to that of the flakes in the adjacent layers. These layers are then pressed into a panel. The close alignment of the flakes and the perpendicular layering give oriented strand board nearly the same strength and stiffness as plywood. However, because small, crooked, and otherwise low-quality logs unsuitable for lumber or veneer can be used to make oriented strand board, it can be made less expensively than plywood. Being less expensive, it is replacing plywood in many applications, such as siding in building construction.

Laminated Strand Lumber and Oriented Strand Lumber. Laminated strand lumber and oriented strand lumber are made of wood flakes 30 cm (12 in) long. These flakes are much longer than the flakes used to make oriented strand board. They are dried, coated with adhesive, and pressed. Unlike oriented strand board, these types of engineered lumber are manufactured to dimensions that correspond to conventional lumber dimensions. Because of

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their strength, uniformity, straightness, and lower cost, laminated strand lumber and oriented strand lumber are increasingly replacing structural lumber as wall studs, rafters, and joists (floorand ceiling-supporting beams).

4.Take the Russian equivalents of 10 words or combinations in Task 3 and make up ten sentences in Russian. Translate the sentences into English.

5.Enumerate all branches of agriculture, describe one of them.

6.Prepare a separate list abbreviations, words and expressions and their translation based on materials for your individual work.

VARIANT 8

1. Translate the given sentences into Russian/English.

•Промышленность занимает ведущее место в экономике Томской области, в ней занято почти четверть работающего населения, создается свыше трети валового регионального продукта, обеспечивается 99 % экспорта области, поступает 62 % налоговых платежей и других доходов в бюджеты всех уровней.

•Основные отрасли промышленности: топливная, электроэнергетика, цветная металлургия, химическая и нефтехимическая, машиностроение и металлообработка, лесная, деревообрабатывающая и пищевая промышленность.

•The farm has nearly 6,000 hectares of plough land and over 600 hectares of pasture. Last year they sowed about 4,600 hectares: 2,300 – under small grains and the rest under various grasses, timothy, clover, rape and others.

•Most hatchery personnel have the impression that they are approaching a sterile condition because they use disinfectants when "disinfecting" the facilities.

•Disease producing microorganisms can be classified smallest to largest as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and parasites.

2. Translate the following words and combinations:

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3. Translate the given abstract into Russian.

Forest Industry

Forest Industry, industry that supplies wood, paper, chemicals, energy, and other products from trees. The forest industry includes the lumber industry, which encompasses the various businesses that convert trees, or timber, into lumber products. People use products of the forest industry in numerous aspects of their lives. Lumber and plywood are used to construct many homes and business facilities, which are furnished with tables, chairs, desks, and other furniture made from wood. Paper is used for newspapers, magazines, and books. Wood utility poles often support the wires that deliver electric and telephone service. Commerce is dependent on wood containers and pallets, as well as paperboard packaging. The chemical industry uses wood as a base product for making turpentine, rayon, food flavorings, and cellophane tape. In many countries, people depend on wood for heating and cooking fuel. In 1996, 3.35 billion cu m (118.3 billion cu ft) of wood were harvested from forests worldwide. Of this amount, 56 percent was burned for fuel and 44 percent was manufactured into wood products, such as lumber and paper. Even excluding wood burned for fuel, the total weight of wood harvested worldwide each year exceeds the total weight of metals, concrete, and plastics consumed worldwide each year.

Wood is an indispensable material for many reasons. Forests are widely distributed, making wood abundant and accessible. Wood can be cut and processed with relatively simple technologies. However, more advanced technologies make it possible to cut and process wood more efficiently. Forests are a renewable resource that can be replanted after being harvested. Furthermore, the variety of tree species that grow worldwide provides wood with a wide range of strength, durability, and other physical and mechanical properties, as well as visually attractive grains, textures, and colors.

4.Take the Russian equivalents of 10 words or combinations in Task 3 and make up ten sentences in Russian. Translate the sentences into English.

5.Enumerate all forestry products you know, describe production process of one of them.

6.Prepare a separate list abbreviations, words and expressions and their translation based on materials for your individual work.

VARIANT 9

1. Translate the given sentences into Russian/English.

• Last year the average milk yield on the Company's farm was about 4,000 liters of milk per cow, which is also about the average level of milk production in Tomsk Oblast in general.

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•Существует три основных разновидности злаково-бобового силоса, в соответствии с уровнем влажности: 1) высоковлажный, свежесрезанный силос с влажностью более 70 %; 2) подвяленный силос с влажностью 60–70 %; 3) низковлажный силос с влажностью 40–60 %.

•Аукцион на строительно-монтажные работы по третьему пусковому комплексу ЖТЭЦ был перенесен по согласованию с «Росатомом», и сроки проведения конкурса будут опубликованы в официальной печати.

•Diseases and infections have always been a major concern to the poultry industry – especially in the hatchery.

•The volunteer provided valuable recommendations and some of them in the area of feed production, feeding and general upkeep of animals are already been implemented. For example the host is rolling and crushing the grain mix fed to the cows instead of grinding it as recommended by the volunteer.

2. Translate the following words and combinations:

11.start-up

3.Translate the given abstract into Russian.

The changing face of forest industry

Our basic assumptions about forest industry – what it is, what it does,

where its future lies – are being profoundly transformed. This transformation will affect its image, its goals, its products, the nature of its investments, even its structure.

No longer will it be accurate to speak only of "wood products": we must talk instead of "forest products" or "forest-based products". In many developing countries today, so-called "non-wood products", if properly accounted for, could have a greater economic importance than traditional wood products. Similarly, we need to think and plan systematically for a range of "for- est-based industries", many of which do not involve wood at all, rather than "wood-based industries".

This transformation involves the new concept of "appropriate" forest industries, one that embraces a full range of large, medium and small forest en-

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terprises, depending upon the particular social and economic circumstances in a given country at a given time and place.

Such a transformation will also have a profound effect upon forest management. No longer can forest management afford to be centred so much upon species selection and rotation periods – upon the products that can be obtained from the forest only at rather long intervals, often decades. Considerable emphasis must now fall upon the continuous production of goods and services, including such things as wildlife, tourism, oils, resins, medicines, numerous edible products and many others.

Just as foresters are learning to think beyond the traditional productive and protective functions of the forest, so must forest industries learn to become more aware of their broader socio-economic role - and to make plans and investments accordingly.

The recently concluded Eighth Session of the Committee on Forestry (COFO), held in Rome from 21 to 25 April 1986, responded positively to the changing role of forest industries. In providing guidelines for FAO's future work, COFO recognized the important role of forest industries and trade in local and national socio-economic development, It endorsed the concept of a holistic approach in establishing and operating forest industries. It considered that numerous small enterprises may constitute a major force in forest industries in developing countries It requested FAO to work to strengthen the domestic and export marketing capabilities in developing countries. It recommended that FAO study and disseminate information on lesser-used timber species and non-wood forest products. Finally, it underlined the importance of the private sector at all levels of forest industry.

4.Take the Russian equivalents of 10 words or combinations in Task 3 and make up ten sentences in Russian. Translate the sentences into English.

5.Enumerate all forestry products you know, describe production process of one of them.

6.Prepare a separate list abbreviations, words and expressions and their translation based on materials for your individual work.

VARIANT 10

1. Translate the given sentences into Russian/English.

•В каждом американском штате есть отделения статистики Минсельхоза, сотрудники которых занимаются сбором и учетом всех данных о работе фермеров, продуктивности животных или птицы.

•В состав интегрированных структур входят так называемые центры прибыли, под началом которых – производство кормов и цыплят, выращивание птицы, переработка и продажа продукции.

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•Disease producing microorganisms can be classified smallest to largest as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and parasites.

•Основные отрасли промышленности: топливная, электроэнергетика, цветная металлургия, химическая и нефтехимическая, машиностроение и металлообработка, лесная, деревообрабатывающая и пищевая промышленность.

•The farm has nearly 6,000 hectares of plough land and over 600 hectares of pasture. Last year they sowed about 4,600 hectares: 2,300 – under small grains and the rest under various grasses, timothy, clover, rape and others.

2. Translate the following words and combinations:

11.start-up

3.Translate the given abstract into Russian.

Sanitation: Cleaning and Disinfectants

Diseases and infections have always been a major concern to the poultry

industry – especially in the hatchery. Fortunately, microbial contamination can be prevented and controlled using proper management practices and modern health products.

Microorganisms are everywhere! Some are relatively harmless while others are highly pathogenic. Some pose a lethal threat to one species of animal while remaining harmless to another species. Some organisms are easily destroyed while others are very difficult to eliminate. The moral is: Treat all microorganisms as if they are a severe threat to the chick's livelihood.

Understanding the terms used to describe microbial control is important when selecting the appropriate action for eliminating disease causing organisms. Three terms commonly used but often misunderstood are sterilization, disinfection, and sanitation.

•Sterilization – The destruction of all infective and reproductive forms of all microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, virus, etc.).

•Disinfection – The destruction of all vegetative forms of microorganisms. Spores are not destroyed.

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• Sanitation – The reduction of pathogenic organism numbers to a level at which they do not pose a disease threat to their host.

Most hatchery personnel have the impression that they are approaching a sterile condition because they use disinfectants when "disinfecting" the facilities. In fact, they may only achieve a sanitized condition at the very best. The most important consideration to remember when striving for a sanitized hatchery is that cleanliness is essential.

Proper cleaning of facilities removes the vast majority of all organisms and must be used before application of disinfectants. This applies to all areas within the hatchery including floors, walls, setters, hatchers, trays, chick processing equipment, air and personnel. The success of a hatchery sanitation program is limited only by its weakest link.

It is extremely important to remove as much organic matter as practicable from surfaces to be disinfected. All debris including down, egg shells, droppings, tissue residues, etc. must be removed from the hatchery. This is followed by thorough cleaning using warm water and appropriate cleaning aides. Care is focused on selecting the proper detergent and thus producing the cleanest hatchery environment possible. Special attention is placed on compensating for variations in hardness, salinity and pH of the cleaning water. A thorough rinsing with abundant quantities of clean sanitized water completes the cleaning process and removes most lingering residues of detergents, organic matter or microbial organisms that can interfere with the effectiveness of a disinfectant.

Only after the facilities have been thoroughly cleaned are the surfaces treated with an appropriate disinfectant solution. Not all disinfectants are suited for every situation. When selecting the right disinfectant, carefully consider:

1.The type of surface being treated.

2.The cleanliness of the surface.

3.The type of organisms being treated.

4.The durability of the equipment/surface material.

5.Time limitations on treatment duration.

6.Residual activity requirements.

If the surface is free of organic matter and residual activity is not required, quaternary ammonium compounds and possibly halogen compounds can be used effectively. However, if surfaces are difficult to clean, residual activity is required or the contaminating organisms are difficult to destroy, then multiple phenolics or coal tar distillates may be needed.

Careful attention must assure that the disinfectant, if used as directed, meets requirements of the user. Be reasonable and don't expect the product to

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produce unattainable performance. Instead, select a different product or modify disease control practices.

4.Take the Russian equivalents of 10 words or combinations in Task 3 and make up ten sentences in Russian. Translate the sentences into English.

5.Enumerate all forestry products you know, describe production process of one of them.

6.Prepare a separate list abbreviations, words and expressions and their translation based on materials for your individual work.

4. ИТОГОВЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ

Итоговый контроль результатов изучения дисциплины проводится в форме зачета, при выставлении которого учитываются: посещение занятий во время сессии, аудиторная и самостоятельная работа, выполнение контрольной работы.

Зачет предполагает проверку умений в области:

•устного перевода в сфере промышленности региона (умение использовать изученный материал для качественного выполнения устного перевода);

•письменного перевода в сфере промышленности региона (умение использовать изученный материал для качественного выполнения письменного перевода).

Содержание зачета по дисциплине «Язык промышленности региона»:

1.Письменный тест по изученному теоретическому материалу.

2.Устный перевод отрывка текста на русский язык.

3.Устный перевод отрывка текста на английский язык.

4.Устный перевод десяти слов и выражений на русский и английский язык.

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5.УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ

5.1.Литература обязательная

1.Ежемесячный журнал «Томские недра».

2.Экологический мониторинг. Состояние окружающей среды Томской области в 2005 г. (краткий обзор) / Департамент природных ресурсов и охраны окружающей среды Томской области. – Томск, 2006.

5.2.Литература дополнительная

3.Статьи из Томских газет.

4.Статьи из англоязычных учебных и периодических изданий по тематике «Отрасли промышленности».

5.3.Web-ресурсы

5.Электронная энциклопедия «Википедия». – Режим доступа: http://www.wikipedia.org, вход свободный.

6.Электронная энциклопедия «Енкарта». – Режим доступа: http://encarta.msn.com, вход свободный.

7.Официальный сайт администрации Томской области. – Режим доступа: www.tomsk.gov.ru, вход свободный.

8.Агентство развития Томской области. – Режим доступа: www.arto.ru, вход свободный.

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