Практикум по английскому языку

JESS: The one by the door? I don’t know. He (11) … like a lawyer or something, not a journalist. Perhaps he (12) … only here to look round, like us.

BRIAN: Careful, he (13) … this way.

MAN: Excuse me, are you the two trainees who (14) the day here? JESS: That’s right.

MAN: (14) … yourselves?

BRIAN: Er, yes. Thank you. But (15) ... .

MAN: Oh, yes. I’m David Gordon. I (16) … this company.

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Past Perfect образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола had и смыслового глагола в III форме.

HAD +V3

Вопросительная форма образуется путем постановки вспомогательного глагола перед подлежащим, а отрицательная — постановкой частицы not после вспомогательного глагола.

I had done.

Had he done?

They hadn’t done.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ

Past Perfect употребляется для обозначения действия, которое произошло до определенного момента в прошлом. Определенный момент

впрошлом может быть выражен двумя способами:

1.Точным указанием времени в прошлом с предлогом by (к):

John had finished his work by 3.

2.Другим действием в прошлом, выраженным, как правило, глаголом

вPast Simple.

When we came to the party, Jessica had (already) left. — Когда мы пришли на вечеринку, Джессика уже ушла.

Обратите внимание, что уточняющее already необязательно, так как сама постановка времени Past Perfect уже подразумевает, что действие произошло до действия, выраженного глаголом в Past Simple.

Past Perfect, как правило, не употребляется, когда речь идет о действиях, быстро следующих одно за другим. Они рассматриваются как последовательные и, следовательно, обозначаются с помощью Past Simple.

When he came home, we set to work at once. — Когда он пришел домой, мы тут же приступили к работе.

Exercise 1. Choose the correct form of the verbs

CONFERENCE REPORT (Parkhouse Hotel 5th September)

The conference was very successful. The seminars and talks (1) were / had been extremely interesting and it was obvious that all the speaker (2) had prepared / prepared their material very thoroughly. Everyone agreed that this should become an annual event. There were however a number of administrative problems. When we (3) arrived / had arrived, we (4) discovered / had discovered that the hotel manager (5) reserved / had reserved the wrong room for us and therefore we (6) did not have / had not had enough space. Unfortunately, he could not let us have the larger room because he (7) gave / had given it to another group, even bigger than ours. He (8) also misunderstood / had also misunderstood the letter explaining what food we (9) required / had required. In fact, we (10) suspected / had suspected that he (11) lost / had lost the letter. We do not recommend using this hotel again.

Exercise 2. Most of the sentences have one verb in the wrong tense. Correct them or write ‘right’

1.I was pleased to see my old college friends at the conference last week as we didn’t see each other since we finished our course.

2.We had to wait for hours at the airport because the bad weather had delayed all the flights.

3.Many modern medicines were not invented by western scientists but by tribal people who had been using them for generations before the Europeans arrived.

4.We missed our train, so by the time we reached the theatre, the play ended and the audience was leaving the theatre.

5.At the end of their meal they found they couldn’t pay the bill because they didn’t bring any money with them.

6.The children were thrilled when they unwrapped the electronic toys, but when they discovered that nobody bought a battery they were very disappointed.

7.When I came out of the cinema I had found that a thief had taken my car radio.

8.At first the authorities thought the athlete had been taking drugs, but they soon realised they mixed up the results of the tests.

9.When the film star came into the restaurant I didn’t recognise her because I didn’t see any of her films.

10. When we reached the city centre we couldn’t find a parking space, so we had decided to go by bus the next time.

Exercise 3. Join the following pairs of sentences into complex sentences with the clauses of time. Make use of the conjunctions ‘after’, ‘before’, ‘till’, ‘until’

Example: They came. She finished her work. They came after she had finished her work.

1. The children returned from school. Mother cooked dinner. 2. I listened to the text. We went to the lab to have our speech recorded. 3. They went for a walk. It stopped raining. 4. I waited. She did the room. 5. The children fell asleep. The parents came back from pictures. 6. The teacher explained the new material. She gave us an exercise to prepare. 7. I came home. It grew dark. 8. Nick left school. Nelly got down to tidying up the flat. 9. He waited. His wife laid the table for dinner. 10. Barbara cleaned the windows. Then she sealed them up. 11. Stan read these books. He became more knowledgeable in the subject.

Exercise 4. Translate into English

1. По пути домой он старался вспомнить, когда в последний раз видел Инну. 2. Настя уехала к родителям до того, как пришла эта телеграмма. 3. Было гораздо холоднее, чем она предполагала. Наташе пришлось надеть пальто. 4. Евгений никогда не жалел, что познакомился с ней. 5. Вика не помнила его брата. Она не помнила, чтобы она когдалибо встречала его раньше. 6. К пяти часам все уже собрались в гостиной. 7. После того, как дети ушли в школу, Аня принялась за уборку.

8.Прежде чем он закончил рассказ, дверь отворилась и вошла Таня.

9.На следующее утро, когда Ира приготовила себе завтрак, к ней пришли школьные друзья. 10. Он уже упаковал все вещи, когда в двери постучала его сестра Катя.

Exercise 5. Join the two sentences into a complex sentence with a subordinate clause time. Use the Past Perfect in the principal clause and the correlatives ‘hardly ... when’, ‘scarcely ... when’, ‘no sooner ... than’

1.Nick finished fixing the radio set. An interesting programme began.

2.She laid the table. Her friends came. 3. They collected the dirty linen. They began to do the washing. 4. Granny washed up. She put the plates on the plate-

rack. 5. Mother aired the rooms. The children came from the walk. 6. Jane left for the week-end to see her parents George faced cooking difficulties. 7. They lost the cat. They found him in the cupboard. 8. They bought the new furniture. The prices were increased. 9. Paul switched on the floorwaxer. It went wrong again. 10. She told him the news. He grew pale.

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Past Perfect Continuous образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be, стоящего в форме Past Perfect и смыслового глагола с окон-

чанием -ing.

HAD BEEN + V-ing

I had been doing

She had been writing

They had been playing

Вопросительная форма образуется путем постановки первого вспомогательного глагола перед подлежащим, отрицательная — постановкой частицы not после первого вспомогательного глагола.

Had you been watching?

He hadn’t been playing.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ

Past Perfect Continuous употребляется для обозначения действия, которое происходило в течение какого-либо промежутка времени до определенного момента в прошлом. Определенный момент в прошлом, может быть выражен двумя способами:

1. Точным указанием времени в прошлом с предлогом by (к) —

By 3 they’d been discussing this problem for 2 hours.

2.Другим действием в прошлом, выраженным, как правило, глаголом

вPast Simple.

They were tired as they had been working all day.

Past Perfect Continuous, как правило, не употребляется в отрицательных предложениях, так как они не обозначают процесса. Вместо него употребляется время Past Perfect.

She hadn’t worked for 3 months when I met her.

Exercise 1. Join the two sentences into one using the Past Perfect Continuous in it. Make all the necessary changes

Example: Nick was writing a letter. We came home.

By the time we came home Nick had been writing a letter for half an hour.

1. We were walking for more than 3 hours. We reached the forest. 2. Peter was listening to the record for 10 minutes. The bell went. 3. The whole family was tidying up for over two hours. The flat looked spick and span. 4. They were driving in the car. They reached the town. 5. They were playing volley-ball for over an hour. It started raining. 6. We were discussing his essay for a quarter of an hour. The Dean came in. 7. The teacher was explaining the new rule. We understood it at last. 8. We were making arrangements for a fancy dress party. Everything was ready. 9. Rose was dusting the furniture. It looked shining and spotless. 10. She was staying in bed for a week. She felt better.

Exercise 2. Respond to the following statements giving your reason in the Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Example: — When we called on him yesterday morning he was still sleeping.

— No wonder. He had been working the whole night.

1. Nick passed his exam very well. 2. When I looked out into the street yesterday morning the ground was wet. 3. When I saw her last night her eyes were red with tears. 4. There was so much snow that he could hardly get to the station. 5. Kate decided to stay at home when he invited her for a walk yesterday. 6. My eyes were quite sore when I finished reading the book yesterday. 7. When I met her on the beach yesterday she had a wonderful tan. 8. When I met her last week she looked very tired.

Exercise 3. Complete these sentences

I. 1. By the time the lesson was over ... . 2. I had been waiting for her at theentrance ... . 3. When I came into the assembly hall ... . 4. When I tried to get her on the phone I was told that ... . 5. By the end of the last month ... .

6. She failed at the exams ... . 7. She had been doing the room ... . 8. Mary was very glad to hear ... . 9. He had been living in Ireland ... . 10. He spoke English well as ... .

II. 1. Jane had been washing the linen ... . 2. We had been waiting for them ... . 3. Nick had been standing in the line ... . 4. We had been all sealingup ... . 5. ... had been wringing out ... . 6. ... had been making arrangements ... . 7. We had been rehearsing the play ... . 8. She had been learning the poem by heart ... . 9. ... had been working hard at ... .

Exercise 4. Complete the following conversation using the verbs supplied

Jean has called to see her boyfriend Gary. GARY: Jean, I’m surprised to see you.

JEAN: Well, I think you owe me an explanation.

GARY: Me? What about you? (1) (I / see) you in the cafe last night.

(2) (We / arrange) to meet at the cinema, if you remember.

JEAN: So why (3) (you / not / come) into the cafe if you saw me? GARY: (4) (I/ be) too angry. And cold. (I / wait) outside the cinema for

three quarters of an hour.

JEAN: But why? (6) (You / not / get) my note? GARY: What note?

JEAN: The note (7) (I / leave) here yesterday afternoon. When (I / go) past the cinema yesterday lunchtime (9) (I / notice) that (10) (they / change) the film. So (11) (I / put) a note under your door to tell you.

GARY: (12) (I / not / find) any note.

JEAN:It must be here. Let me look. Yes. Oh dear. I’m afraid (13) (it / slip) under the mat.

GARY: Well, now I see. While (14) (I / wait), I was worried about (15) (what / happen) to you. And then, (16) (I / see) you in the cafe. (17) (You / laugh) with your friends and (18) (I/realise) that (19) (you / sit) there quite comfortably with them all evening. (20) (I / just / lose) my temper.

JEAN: I’m so sorry. Next time I’ll make sure you get my note. Where shall we go now?

Exercise 5. Choose the correct form of the verbs. Read through each conversation before you start

1)TERRY: What (1) did you do / have you done / had you done last

night?

ANGIE: Well, I (2) have hoped / have been hoping / had been hoping to go out, but I (3) have had / had / had had too much work.

2)PETE: What part of Birmingham (4) do you live / did you live / have you lived in when you (5) were / have been / were being a student?

PATRICK: A place called Selly Oak. (6) Do you know / Did you know / Have you known it?

PETE: Oh, yes. I (7) was passing / used to pass / have passed through it nearly every day when I (8) was living / have been living / have lived there.

3) GILLIAN: (9) Do you write / Have you written / Were you writing to the bank manager yet?

MARK: I (10) haven’t finished / hadn’t finished / didn’t finish yet. (11) I’ve been trying / I’ve tried / I tried to decide what to say.

GILLIAN: Hurry up! He (12) is expecting / has expected / has been expecting your reply since last week.

4)BRIAN: Our teacher (13) invites / has invited / invited the class to his house on Saturday. (14) Do you go/ Are you going / Have you gone?

LUKE: I’m afraid not. I (15) work / used to work / am working for my father on Saturdays.

5)PHILlPPA: When (16) did you hear / have you heard / had you heard your exam results?

CLARA. When I (17) had phoned / phoned / have phoned my teacher. She (18) has been checking / has checked / was checking the list when I (19) had rung / rang / am ringing, so she (20) was telling / told / tells me then.

PHILIPPA: (21) Have you expected / Have you been expecting / Had you been expecting to do so well?

CLARA: Not really, to be honest!

Exercise 6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense

1. He (give) me back the book, (thank) me for lending it to him and (say) that he (enjoy) it very much; but I (know) that he (not read) it because most of the pages (be) still uncut. 2. When he (see) his wife off at the station, he (return) home as he (not have) to be at the airport till 9.30. 3. He (not have) to pack, for his wife already (do) that for him and his case (be) ready in the hall. 4. He (not have) to check the doors and windows either, for his wife always (do) that before she (leave) the house. 5. All he (have) to do (be) to decide whether or not to take his overcoat with him. In the end he (decide) not to. 6. At 8.30 he (pick) up his case, (go) out of the house and (slam) the door behind him. 7. Then he (feel) in his pockets for the key, for his wife (remind) him to doublelock the front door. 8. When he (search) all his pockets and (find) no key he (remember) where it (be). 9. He (leave) it in his overcoat pocket. 10. Then he (remember) something else; his passport and tickets (be) in his overcoat pocket as well. 11. I (arrive) in England in the middle of July. I (be told) that England (be) shrouded in fog all year round, so I (be) quite surprised to find that it was merely raining. 12. I (ask) another passenger, an Englishman, about the fog and he (say) that there (not be) any since the previous February. 13. If I (want)

fog, he said, I (come) at quite the wrong time. 14. However, he (tell) me that I could buy tinned fog at a shop in Shaftesbury Avenue. 15. He (admit) that he never (buy) fog there himself but (assure) me that they (sell) good quality fog and that it (not be) expensive. I suppose he was joking. 16. When the old lady (return) to her flat she (see) at once that burglars (break) in during her absence, because the front door (be) open and everything in the flat (be) upside down. 17. The burglars themselves (be) no longer there, but they probably only just (leave) because a cigarette was still burning on an ornamental table. 18. Probably they (hear) the lift coming up and (run) down the fire escape. 19. They (help) themselves to her whisky too but there (be) a little left, so she (pour) herself out a drink. 20. She (wonder) if they (find) her jewellery and rather (hope) that they had. 21. The jewellery (be given) her by her husband, who (die) some years before. 22. Since his death she (not have) the heart to wear it, yet she (not like) to sell it. 23. Now it (seem) that fate (take) the matter out of her hands; and certainly the insurance money would come in handy. 24. I (put) the £5 note into one of my books; but next day it (take) me ages to find it because I (forget) which book I (put) it into. 25. A woman (come) in with a baby, who she (say) just (swallow) a safety pin. 26. I (think) my train (leave) at 14.33, and (be) very disappointed when I (arrive) at 14.30 and (learn) that it just (leave). 27. I (find) later thatI (use) an out-of-date timetable. 28. He (park) his car under a No Parking sign and (rush) into the shop. When he (come) out of the shop ten minutes later the car (be) no longer there. 29. He (wonder) if someone (steal) it or if the police (drive) it away. 30. It (be) now 6 p. m.; and Jack (be) tired because he (work) hard all day. 31. He (be) also hungry because he (have) nothing to eat since breakfast. 32. His wife usually (bring) him sandwiches at lunch time, but today for some reason she (not come). 33. He (keep) looking at her, wondering where he (see) her before. 34. I (look) out before I (go) to bed and (see) a man standing on the opposite pavement watching the house. 35. When I (get up) the following morning he (be) still there, and I (wonder) whether he (stay) there all night or if he (go) away and (come) back.