Практикум по английскому языку

Exercise 3. Use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple in the following sentences

1. She (to come) into the room, (to lean) over her father’s chair and (to kiss) his cheek. ‘You (to have) a good trip?’ 2. At school I (to be) never good at languages, but here I (to pick) up a bit of French. 3. You (to say) just now that time (to be) everything. What you (to mean) by that? 4. I (to meet) Donna at her father’s house in Twin Peaks twenty odd years ago and (to know) her ever since. 5. Oh, it is you, Dale. You (not to be) in touch with me for a long time. I am glad you (to ring) me up. Where you (to be) all these weeks? I hope you (not to be) ill? 6. ‘Mr. Palmer (to be) arrested by the police.’ ‘My goodness! You don’t say. What he (to do)?’ 7. As we got into the car my brother asked, ‘Well, you (to speak) to Sheriff Truman?’ ‘I (to speak) to him for moment.’ 8. ‘Hallo,’ the little girl said to her mother and looked at her companion. ‘Come and say “How do you do” to Mr. Cooper.’ ‘I (to see) him already.’ ‘You can’t have done, dear. He only just (to arrive) here.’ ‘I (to see) him in the hall this afternoon.’ 9. I (to see) her name in the papers rather often of late. 10. How many examinations you (to pass) up to now? 11. Laura! You (to have) the education of a lady. Please, let your father see that and don’t talk like a street girl.

Exercise 4. Translate into English

1.В этом году моя сестра поступила в педагогический институт иностранных языков.

2.— Звонок уже был? Что у нас сейчас?

—Лекция по истории.

3.Вы написали контрольную работу? Покажите мне ее.

4.Она написала последнюю контрольную работу без ошибок.

5.Рада вас видеть! Я так много слышала о вас от отца.

6.Я давно видела этот фильм. Я уже забыла его.

7.— Вы бывали когда-нибудь в Шотландии?

—Да.

—Вы, конечно, видели Highlands?

—О да, я никогда не видела ничего более красивого.

8.Я не была в Твин Пикс с тех пор, как мы переехали в Сиэтл.

Яочень люблю этот таинственный город.

9.Он был болен и отстал от группы. Давайте поможем ему с английским.

10. Сегодня я не была в библиотеке.

11. Начался дождь. Ты взяла с собой зонтик? 12. В этом году я часто видела их в кино.

Exercise 5. Choose the correct form of the verbs

1.My sister has been / was interested in medicine ever since she has been / was a child.

2.Where have you first met / did you first meet your husband?

3.Is this the first time you’ve cooked / you cooked pasta?

4.We have wanted / wanted to go to the theatre last night, but there haven’t been / weren’t any seats.

5.Oh, dear. What can we do? I’m sure something dreadful has happened / happened: we’ve been waiting / we waited over an hour and he hasn’t phoned / hasn’t been phoning yet.

6.We have posted / posted the parcel three weeks ago. If you still haven’t received / didn’t receive it, please inform us immediately.

Exercise 6. Alex wants to go to an art college and is being interviewed by Tom Smith, one of the lecturers. Complete the questions which Tom asks him. Read the whole conversation before you start

TOM: Right, Alex, let’s find out something about you. You’re obviously not a teenager, so when (1) … did you leave school?

ALEX: Five years ago, actually.

TOM: And where (2) … have you been ... since then? ALEX: Well I’ve had several jobs.

TOM: What (3) … first?

ALEX: I worked in a cafe for about a year. I needed to save some money.

TOM: Why (4) … money?

ALEX: I wanted to travel a bit before I started studying. TOM: Where (5) … to go?

ALEX: Well, the Middle East, Latin America, Australia. TOM: Good Lord! And (6) … all those places?

ALEX: No, not yet. I’ve been to Brazil and Peru so far. And I spent some months in Turkey.

TOM: What (7) … there?

ALEX: I stayed with some friends near Izmir. It was wonderful.

TOM: You’re very lucky. And now you want to come to college. (8) … some pictures to show me?

ALEX: Um, yes, I have a small portfolio here. TOM: Where (9) … this work?

ALEX: Mostly in Turkey.

TOM: Why (10) … any in South America?

ALEX: I didn’t have time really. And I was travelling light, I just did some pencil sketches.

TOM: (11) them here with you?

ALEX: They’re at the back of the portfolio.

TOM: Well, Alex, I’m very impressed. When (12) … interested in painting and drawing?

ALEX: I think I always have been.

TOM: I can believe that. Will you come with me? I want to show this work to my colleagues right away.

ALEX: Of course. Thank you very much.

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Present Perfect Continuous образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be, стоящего в форме Present Perfect и смыслового глагола

с окончанием -ing.

HAVE(HAS) BEEN + V-ing

I have been doing.

She has been writing.

They have been playing.

Вопросительная форма образуется путем постановки первого вспомогательного глагола перед подлежащим, отрицательная — постановкой частицы not после первого вспомогательного глагола.

Have you been watching?

He hasn’t been playing.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ

Present Perfect Continuous может употребляться в следующих случаях:

1. Для обозначения длительного действия, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось в течение какого-либо промежутка времени, и в настоя-

щее время еще совершается. Промежуток времени обозначается, как правило, с помощью предлогов for (в течение) и since (с).

We have been discussing this problem for 2 hours (since 3). — Мы обсуждаем эту проблему 2 часа (с 3 часов).

Промежуток времени может также обозначаться другим действием с предлогом since, глагол которого, как правило, стоит в Past Simple.

We’ve been trying to find someone for this job since he quit. — Мы пытаемся найти кого-нибудь на эту работу с тех пор, как он уволился.

Могут употребляться иные обозначения промежутка времени, или он может быть ясен из контекста.

She’s been crying all morning. — Она плачет все утро.

Please, excuse the way things are in here. I’ve been tidying the room. — Извините за беспорядок. Я убираю комнату.

Также необходимо отметить, что если промежуток времени слишком велик, то, как правило, употребляется Present Perfect.

I’ve lived in this city all my life.

В этом значении Present Perfect Continuous, как видно из примеров, переводится настоящим временем.

2.Для обозначения длительного действия, которое продолжалось

втечение какого-либо промежутка времени, закончилось только что и имеет связь с настоящим моментом.

They are very tired. They’ve been working all day. — Они очень устали. Они работали весь день.

Обратите внимание, что в данном случае Present Perfect Continuous переводится глаголом прошедшего времени.

Present Perfect Continuous, как правило, не употребляется в отрицательных предложениях, так как они не обозначают процесса. Вместо него употребляется время Present Perfect.

I haven’t smoked for 20 years.

Помните, что ряд глаголов не употребляется во временах группы Continuous. В таких случаях вместо Present Perfect Continuous употребляется Present Perfect.

I’ve known him for 20 years. — Я знаю его 20 лет.

We’ve been here for 2 hours. — Мы здесь два часа.

Exercise 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Continuous

tense

1.I (make) cakes. That is why my hands are all covered with flour.

2.Her phone (ring) for ten minutes. I wonder why she doesn’t answer it.

3.He (overwork). That is why he looks so tired.

4.— There is sawdust in your hair.

—I’m not surprised. I (cut) down a tree.

5.Have you seen my bag anywhere? I (look) for it for ages.

6.— What you (do)?

—I (work) in the laboratory.

7.She (study) Russian for two years and doesn’t even know the alphabet

yet.

8.— How long you (wait) for me?

— I (wait) about half an hour.

9.It (rain) for two days now. There’ll be a flood soon.

10.We (argue) about this for two hours now. Perhaps we should stop!

11.I (bathe). That’s why my hair is all wet.

12.You (drive) all day. Let me drive now.

13.How long you (wear) glasses?

14.The petrol gauge (say) ‘Empty’ for quite a long time now. Don’t you think we should get some petrol?

15.I’m sorry for keeping you waiting. I (try) to make a telephone call to

Rome.

16.You (not eat) enough lately. That’s why you feel irritable.

17.He (speak) for an hour now. I expect he’ll soon be finished.

18.That helicopter (fly) round the house for the last hour; do you think it’s taking photographs?

19.The radio (play) since 7 a. m. I wish someone would turn it off.

20.I (shop) all day and I haven’t a penny left.

21.We (live) here since 1977.

22.I’m on a diet. I (eat) nothing but bananas for the last month.

23.The children (look) forward to this holiday for months.

24.That pipe (leak) for ages. We must get it mended.

25.Tom (dig) in the garden all afternoon and I (help) him.

26.I (ask) you to mend that window for six weeks. When are you going

to do it?

27.Someone (use) my bicycle. The chain’s fallen off.

28.— How long you (drive)?

—I (drive) for ten years.

29.The trial (go) on for a long time. I wonder what the verdict

will be.

30.It (snow) for three days now. The roads will be blocked if it doesn’t stop soon.

31.— Mary (cry)?

— No, she (not cry), she (peel) onions.

32.The car (make) a very curious noise ever since it ran out of oil.

33.He walked very unsteadily up the stairs and his wife said, ‘You

(drink)!’

34.Your fingers are very brown. You (smoke) too much.

35.You usually know when someone (eat) garlic.

36.Ever since he came to us that man (try) to make trouble.

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in the brackets in the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous Tense

1.The students (work) very well this term.

2.I only (hear) from him twice since he went away.

3.I (hear) from her regularly. She is a very good correspondent.

4.I (grease) my car. That’s why my hands are so dirty.

5.I (polish) this table all the morning and he isn’t satisfied with it yet.

6.I (work) for him for ten years and he never once (say) ‘Good morning’

to me.

7.He (teach) in this school for five years.

8.I (teach) hundreds of students but I never (meet) such a hopeless class

as this.

9.— Why you (be) so long in the garage?

—The tyres were flat; I (pump) them up.

10.I (pump) up three tyres. Would you like to do the fourth?

11.I (look) for mushrooms but I (not find) any.

12.He (cough) a lot lately. He ought to give up smoking.

13.— You (hear) the news? Tom and Ann are engaged!

—That’s not new; I (know) it for ages!

14.— I (try) to finish this letter for the last half-hour. I wish you’d go away or stop talking.

—I hardly (say) anything.

15.The driver of that car (sound) his horn for the last ten minutes.

16.It (rain) for two hours and the ground is too wet to play on, so the match (be) postponed.

17.She (hope) for a rise in salary for six months but she (not dare) to ask for it yet.

18.Mr. Smith, you (whisper) to the student on your right for the last five minutes. You (help) him with his exam paper or he (help) you?

19.— Why you (make) such a horrible noise?

—I (lose) my key and I (try) to wake my wife by throwing stones at her window.

—You (throw) stones at the wrong window. You live next door.

Exercise 3. Complete the following conversation with verbs from the box. Use the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous. You will need to use some of the verbs more than once. Read the whole conversation before you start

Jane is being interviewed by Mrs. Carr for a job working with young children.

Mrs. CARR: Come in Jane, do take a seat. Would you like a coffee? JANE: Thank you, actually I (1) … (just) one.

Mrs. CARR: Oh good. Now, do you know this area at all?

JANE: Quite well. My grandparents live just on the outskirts of town so

I(2) … here for holidays since I was little. I’m staying with them at the moment, actually.

Mrs. CARR: Oh, that’s nice. And do you have a driving license? JANE: Yes. I (3) … for four years now.

Mrs. CARR: And would you say you’re a careful driver? JANE: Yes, I think so. At least I (4) … (never) an accident.

Mrs. CARR: Good. Now, could you tell me why you think you would be right for this job?

JANE: Well, I (5) … (always) interested in working with small children. And I (6) … to get quite a bit of practical experience by taking holiday jobs and so on.

Mrs. CARR: How do you think you would cope in an emergency? JANE: I’m quite a calm person, I think. I (7) … a first aid course, too.

Igot this badge.

Mrs. CARR: Oh, yes. That’s good. Now, this job isn’t permanent, as you know. We need someone for about a year. How would that fit with your longterm plans?

JANE: I’d like to work abroad eventually. But I want some full-time experience first. I (8) … a Nursery Teacher’s course this year. We finish next week, in fact, and I’ve already got a Child Care certificate.

Mrs. CARR: Well, I can’t make any promises, but you do sound just the sort of person we’re looking for. When would you be able to start?

JANE: As soon as I finish my Nursery Teacher’s course.

Mrs. CARR: Excellent. And would you live with your grandparents? JANE: Well, they live a bit far away. I’d probably try to get a small flat.

I (9) … in the paper every day, but I (10) … not / anything yet.

Mrs. CARR: Well, if you get the job, we’ll try to help you. Now, would you like to come and meet some of the children?

JANE: Oh, yes.

Mrs. CARR: Right, if you’ll just follow me then ... .

Exercise 4. Use the Present Perfect Continuous or the Present Perfect in the following sentences

1. I (to be) busy since we last met. 2. The boy (to stand) at the bus stop for the last half an hour. Shall I tell him that the last bus already (to go)? 3. He’s an old friend. I (to know) him for ages. 4. Norma has got a young man she (to have) dates with for ages and she won’t tell me anything about him. 5. I (to do) my homework for two hours and I (not to finish) yet. 6. Helen (to read) this book since Monday and she (not to read) it yet. 7. Something (to happen) to Jack. I (to wait) for him long and he (not to come) yet. 8. ‘What you (to do) with my bag? I (to look) for it for an hour and I can’t find it.’ ‘I think Kate (to go) off with it.’ 9. Do you know of any good books coming out soon? I (not to read) anything amusing for ages. 10. Alice knows the names of everyone in the village. She (to live) here all her life.

Exercise 5. Use the PresentContinuous, the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous in the following sentences

1. Ever since my University days I (to study) the history of Russia. Now I (to read) books on the Civil War. 2. ‘Hallo,’ she said. ‘I’m glad you (to have) lunch here. I (to want) to talk to you.’ 3. ‘We (to stay) here nearly a week.’ ‘I hope you (not to think) of leaving.’ 4. ‘The girl (to wait) to see you, doctor.’ ‘How long she (to wait)?’ 5. The door was opened by Mrs. Pitt. ‘Well, well, you’re just in time. I (to make) some cakes. And your father (to have) breakfast.’ 6. ‘Where’s my daughter?’ ‘She (to talk) to a policeman.’ ‘What (to happen)?’ ‘She (to drive) without a license.’ 7. ‘There’s a man sitting at the first table near the door. He (to look) at us’, she said. ‘He (to be), but what of it?’ ‘I (to meet) him everywhere of late.’

Exercise 6. Translate into English

1. Уже двадцать лет, как я живу в этом городе, а в сентябре исполнится ровно десять лет, как я преподаю здесь в институте. 2. Я чувствую себя очень одиноким с тех пор, как брат уехал. 3. Они пишут изложение уже два часа.

4.— Как дела у вашего сына?

—Очень хорошо. Я только что звонила ему.

5.Неужели эта книга все еще у него? Сколько времени он ее читает? 6. Я со вчерашнего дня думаю о том, что вы сказали. 7. Виктор опять собирается на рыбалку. Он увлекается рыбалкой уже два года.

8.— Что ты делаешь сегодня вечером?

—Весь этот месяц я по вечерам хожу на каток.

9.Я не могу сейчас уйти из дома, так как жду Наташу. Я жду ее уже час, но ее все еще нет. 10. Художники работают с утра, так как мы хотим повесить стенгазету сегодня вечером.

Exercise 7. Quiz yourself. Choose the best answer

1. The professor ... to class yet. (a. hasn’t been coming; b. hasn’t been come; c. hasn’t come; d. hasn’t came) 2. We haven’t been here long. We ...

here a month ago. (a. moved; b. have moved; c. have been moving; d. were moving) 3. Bob ... Susan for seven years. (a. knows; b. has known; c. has been knowing; d. has been known) 4. She ... here in a few weeks, (a. will be; b. was;

c.has been; d. is) 5. It’s been sunny ... Saturday, (a. for; b. until; c. since;

d.during) 6. The students ... to class late. (a. are never coming; b. never come;

c.have never come; d. never are coming) 7. ‘How’s the weather in Greenland?’ ‘It ... a lot there.’ (a. is snowing; b. snows; c. is snows; d. is snow) 8. Sandra ...

that book for two hours, (a. has been read; b. has reading; c. is reading; d. has been reading) 9. I ... at the bank for the past two years, (a. haven’t worked;

b.didn’t work; c. don’t work; d. am not working) 10. David ... TV at the moment, (a. is watching; b. watches; c. is watches; d. is watch).

Exercise 8. Read the conversation below and fill the spaces with a verb in a suitable tense

Brian and Jessica are on a training course at a company that publishes popular magazines. During their first morning, they meet for a coffee.

BRIAN: Well, Jess, what have you been doing this morning?

JESS: Oh, it’s been really busy. I (1)’ve been going ... round all the different departments to see what they do. What about you? (2) Have you seen ... anything interesting?

BRIAN: I (3) … to the finance department, accounts and personnel. JESS: That doesn’t sound very exciting!

BRIAN: No, you’re right. But this afternoon I’m going to see the art department, where they (4) … the designs for all the magazines.

JESS: Yes, I (5) that department already. They (6) … some fascinating pictures today, but they don’t always have such interesting material, they said. And the editors (7) … always things at the last moment, which (8) … everyone very irritable.

BRIAN: And I hear that the art editor has a very short temper.

JESS: Don’t worry, he’s not there today. He (9) … to some exhibition. BRIAN: Oh, good. Hey, who’s that man over there? He (10) … us since

we came in.