Практикум по английскому языку

24.While he (water) the flowers it (begin) to rain. He (put) up his umbrella and (go) on watering.

25.I just (write) a cheque when I (remember) that I (have) nothing in the

bank.

26.I (find) this ring as I (dig) in the garden. It looks very old. I wonder who it (belong) to?

27.When I last (see) her she (hurry) along the road to the station. I (ask) her where she (go) and she (say), ‘London’, but I don’t think she (speak) the truth because there (not be) any train for London at that time.

28.The tailor said, ‘Your suit will be ready on Monday.’ But when I (call) on Monday he still (work) on it.

29.The teacher (come) into the classroom unusually early and one of the boys, who (smoke) a cigarette, (have) no time to put it out. So he (throw) it into the desk and (hope) for the best.

30.A little later the teacher (notice) that smoke (rise) from this desk. ‘You (smoke) when I (come) in?’ he (ask).

31.While she (swim) someone (steal) her clothes and she (have to) walk home in her swimsuit.

32.The men (say) that they (work) on the road outside my house and that they (want) some water to make tea.

33.He (say) that he (build) himself a house and that he (think) it would be ready in two years.

34.At 3 a. m. Mrs. Pitt (wake) her husband and (say) that she (think) that someone (try) to get into the house.

35.— Why you (lend) him that book? I still (read) it.

—I’m sorry. I (not know) that you still (read) it.

36.— I (come) in very late last night and unfortunately the dog (wake) up and (start) to bark. This (wake) my mother who (come) to the top of the stairs and (say), ‘Who is there?’

—I (say), ‘It is me,’ but she (not hear) me because the dog (bark) so loudly, so she (go) back to her room and (telephone) the police.

Exercise 6. Use the Past Simple or the Past Continuous in the following sentences

1. It (to be) suddenly clear to me that Laura (to act) a part and (to amuse) herself at our expense. 2. Donna constantly (to ask) me to lunch and dine with her and once or twice a year (to invite) me to spend a week-end at her house in the country. 3. I (to hear) a telephone ringing as I (to come) up in the lift. 4. She (to take) a cushion, (to put) it behind and (to lean) back. 5. Sir Henry looked into the lounge. In the lounge Hugo McLean (to do) a crossword puzzle and (to frown) a good deal over it. 6. While he (to stand) irresolute, the door (to open) and his brother (to come out). 7. Mrs. Blair (to talk) about domestic affairs, while the general (to lecture) my father on some subject which I didn’t

understand. 8. Judy had the feeling that everyone (to look) at her, and she (to lower) her eyes. 9. She (to be) on her guard because he always (to tease) her. 10. He (to be) captain of a ship which (to sail) that night for St. Petersburg.

Exercise 7. Translate into English

1.Настя подошла к окну и посмотрела на улицу. Все еще шел сильный дождь. 2. Что ты делала, пока я мыла посуду? 3. Вчера в это время

яслушала интересную лекцию по зарубежной литературе. 4. Становилось темно. 5. Он вдруг понял, что едет не в ту сторону. 6. Я взглянула на Норму, которая все еще дрожала от холода. 4. Она разговаривала с гостями и накрывала на стол. 5. Вчера в 7 часов вечера я ждала Марка на вокзале. Поезд отходил в 3.20.

6.— Когда вы были здесь последний раз?

—Года полтора назад.

7.Когда я вышел, они сидели в гостиной. Старший брат решал кроссворд, мама вязала, остальные читали.

Exercise 8. Choose the correct form of the verbs

THOMAS EDISON (1) started / was starting work on the railway when he was twelve, selling newspapers and snacks. There were long periods with nothing for him to do so he (2) built / was building himself a little laboratory in the luggage van where he could carry out experiments when he (3) didn’t sell / wasn’t selling things to passengers. Another way that he (4) occupied / was occupying himself was by reading. He joined a library and (5) read / was reading every single book in it. One day, when he (6) waited / was waiting at a station he (7) noticed / was noticing a small boy who (8) played / was playing by the track, unaware that a train (9) approached / was approaching. Edison (10) ran / was running out and (11) grabbed / was grabbing the child just in time. The child’s father was so grateful that he (12) offered / was offering to teach Edison to be a telegraph operator. Edison accepted the offer and soon he (13) had / was having regular lessons. After a year, he was good enough to get a job in the telegraph office. He continued to read and experiment, whenever he (14) had / was having time. At twenty-one he (15) left / was leaving the telegraph office to devote all his time to being an inventor. He (16) went / was going on to invent the electric light bulb, the phonograph and the movie camera.

Exercise 9. Complete this description of the life of a musician, using the verbs given. Use either the Past Simple or the Past Continuous

Colin Boyle was born in 1973 near Dublin, Ireland. In 1983 he became seriously ill. While he (1) (recover) his uncle (2) (give) him an old violin. He

enjoyed playing and practised at his school every day after lessons. One day in 1987, John Leaf, the manager of several successful musicians, (3) (have) a meeting with the headmaster when he (4) (hear) Colin practising. He immediately (5) (contact) Colin’s teacher and (6) (invite) Colin to appear in one of the concerts he (7) (organise) that year. Colin, however, (8) (refuse) Leaf’s invitation, because just then he (9) (prepare) for some important school exams. Colin (10) (pass) his exams and (11) (go) to college to study engineering. At college he (12) (meet) Kim O’Malley, who (13) (study) chemistry. Kim was also a keen amateur musician. Being students, they rarely (14) (have) much money and they usually (15) (work) as waiters at weekends. One evening in April 1992, while Colin and Kim (16) (serve) customers, the manager (17) (announce) that there would be no live music in the restaurant that night as the regular band could not come. Colin and Kim (18) (persuade) him to let them play to the customers. Everyone (19) (be) amazed to hear how good they (20) (be). Six months later they (21) (decide) to leave college because they (22) (earn) so much money as musicians. Their success has continued ever since.

Exercise 10. Choose the correct form of the verbs

ADAM: Hello, Mike. What (1) are you doing / do you do in this part of London?

MIKE: Well, actually, (2) I’m looking / look at flats round here. ADAM: Flats? (3) Are you wanting / Do you want to move?

MIKE: Yes, in fact, believe it or not, Mandy and I (4) are getting / get married.

ADAM: That’s great! Congratulations. When (5) were you deciding / did you decide?

MIKE: Only last week. It was while we (6) were staying / stayed with her family in Scotland.

Now (7) we try / we’re trying to find a suitable flat.

ADAM: It’ll be great to have you as neighbours. I hope you manage to buy one soon.

MIKE: Oh we (8) aren’t looking / don’t look for one to buy. We (9) aren’t having / don’t have enough money yet. (10) We’re wanting / We want to find somewhere to rent.

ADAM: Yes, of course. That’s what we (11) did / were doing at first. Actually, in the end, my brother (12) was lending / lent us some money. That’s how we (13) were managing / managed to buy ours.

MIKE: Really? Perhaps I’ll talk to my family before (14) we choose / we’re choosing a flat.

ADAM: That’s not a bad idea. My family (15) gave / were giving us quite a lot of helpful advice.

Now, what about a coffee? There’s a good place just round the corner.

MIKE: Oh, yes, I (16) looked / was looking for somewhere to sit down when I bumped into you. Let’s go.

Exercise 11. Most of these sentences contain one mistake. Correct each one or, if there is no mistake, write ‘Right’

1.The coffee is smelling wonderful smells wonderful ... .

2.Last year we visited the States Right.

3.The ship sank because the engineer wasn’t calling for help until it was already sinking.

4.The reason I get fat is that I’m always tasting things while I’m cooking … .

5.How is Jennifer? Does her health improve?

6.You’re quite right, I’m completely agreeing with you … .

7.What did you after you left school?

8.Now I understand what you’re trying to say!

9.I can’t imagine why you were believing all those rumours … .

10.Martin looked forward to a peaceful weekend, when his brother arrived with all his friends from the football club … .

11.Philippa heard the result of the election as she was driving to work, so she phoned me when she got there … .

12.Oh, I’m so sorry, I’ve spilt some tea. Where are you keeping the paper

towels?

Следующее интересующее нас время — The Present Perfect Tense. Объясняется это тем, что, несмотря на свое название, это время очень похоже по употреблению на время Past Simple.

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Present Perfect образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола have (has — для 3-го лица ед. ч.) и смыслового глагола в III форме.

HAVE (HAS) +V3

I have done.

You have come.

He has written.

Вопросительная форма образуется путем постановки вспомогательного глагола перед подлежащим, а отрицательная — постановкой частицы not после вспомогательного глагола.

Have you seen this film?

She hasn’t done it.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ

Время Present Perfect может употребляться в следующих случаях:

1. Для обозначения действия, которое произошло в прошлом, но имеет связь с настоящим моментом. Эта связь может быть выражена двумя способами:

— в виде указания на результат действия, знания или опыт, приобретенные к настоящему моменту:

I’ve read this book. I know what it’s about.

Jerry has broken his leg, so can’t play today.

Именно в этом значении Present Perfect легко спутать с Past Simple, так как Past Simple также обозначает действие, произошедшее в прошлом.

Различие между ними таково: Present Perfect обозначает действие, имеющее связь с настоящим моментом, а Past Simple — нет. Past Simple употребляется тогда, когда в предложении указано или подразумевается время действия в прошлом. Present Perfect в таких случаях не употребляется никогда (в том числе в специальных вопросах, начинающихся с ‘when’ — когда);

— в виде указания на незаконченный отрезок времени: today, this week (month, year):

I’ve seen him this week.

2. Часто употребляется с наречиями неопределенного времени: already, yet, ever, never, just, lately, recently, so far, up to now.

She has just gone out.

Следует отметить, что наречие yet означает «еще» в отрицательных предложениях и «уже» в вопросительных.

They haven’t arrived yet. — Они еще не приехали.

Have they arrived yet? — Они уже приехали?

Наречие already употребляется в вопросительных предложениях в значении «уже» с оттенком удивления.

Have you finished your work already? You started only 20 minutes ago.

3.Для сообщения о недавно произошедшем событии.

—Alice has had a baby!

—Really? When did it happen?

Обратите внимание, что при продолжении разговора и описании деталей события время изменяется и употребляется Past Simple.

Exercise 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect tense, and fill the spaces by repeating the auxiliary

—You (wash) the plates?

—Yes, I ... .

—Have you washed the plates?

—Yes, I have.

—You (see) him lately?

—No, I ... .

—Have you seen him lately?

—No, I haven’t.

1.— Where you (be)?

— I (be) to the dentist.

2.— You (have) breakfast?

—Yes, I ... . The post (come)?

—Yes, it ... .

3.— You (see) my watch anywhere?

—No, I’m afraid I ... .

4.— Someone (wind) the clock?

—Yes, Tom … .

5.I (not finish) my letter yet.

6.He just (go) out.

7.Someone (take) my bicycle.

8.The phone (stop) ringing.

9.— You (hear) from her lately?

—No, I ... .

10.I just (wash) that floor.

11.The cat (steal) the fish.

12.— You (explain) the exercise?

—Yes, I ... .

13.There aren’t any buses because the drivers (go) on strike.

14.— You (have) enough to eat?

—Yes, I (have) pl,enty, thank you.

15.— Charles (pass) his exam?

—Yes, he ... .

16.— How many bottles the milkman (leave)?

—He (leave) six.

17.I (live) here for ten years.

18.— How long you (know) Mr. Pitt?

—I (know) him for ten years.

19.Would you like some coffee? I just (make) some.

20.— Mary (water) the tomatoes?

—Yes, I think she … .

21.— You (not make) a mistake?

—No, I’m sure I ... .

22.— Why you (not mend) the fuse?

—I (not have) time.

23.— You (dive) from the ten — metre board yet?

—No, I ... .

24.— You ever (leave) a restaurant without paying the bill?

—No, I ... .

25.I (ask) him to dinner several times. He always (refuse).

26.You ever (ride) a camel?

27.I (buy) a new carpet. Come and look at it.

28.He (post) the letter?

29.Why he (not finish)? He (have) plenty of time.

30.I often (see) him but I never (speak) to him.

31.— You ever (eat) caviar?

— No, I ... .

32.We just (hear) the most extraordinary news.

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or Past Simple tense

1.— Where is Tom?

—I (not see) him today, but he (tell) Mary that he’d be in for dinner.

2.— I (buy) this in Bond Street.

—How much you (pay) for it?

—I (pay) £100.

3.— Where you (find) this knife?

—I (find) it in the garden.

—Why you (not leave) it there?

4.— I (lose) my black gloves. You (see) them anywhere?

—No, I’m afraid I ... . When you last (wear) them?

—I (wear) them at the theatre last night. Perhaps you (leave) them at the theatre.

5.— Do you know that lady who just (leave) the shop?

—Yes, that is Miss Thrift. Is she a customer of yours?

—Not exactly. She (be) in here several times but she never (buy)

anything.

6.— He (leave) the house at 8.00.

—Where he (go)?

—I (not see) where he (go).

7.— He (serve) in the First World War.

—When that war (begin)?

—It (begin) in 1914 and (last) for four years.

8.— Who you (vote) for at the last election?

—I (vote) for Mr Pitt.

—He (not be) elected, (be) he?

—No, he (lose) his deposit.

9.— You (like) your last job?

—I (like) it at first but then I (quarrel) with my employer and he (dismiss) me.

—How long you (be) there?

—I (be) there for two weeks.

10.— I (not know) that you (know) Mrs. Pitt. How long you (know) her?

—I (know) her for ten years.

11.— That is Mr. Minus, who teaches me mathematics, but he (not have) time to teach me much. I only (be) in his class for a week.

12.— You (hear) his speech on the radio last night?

—Yes, I … .

—What you (think) of it?

13.— I (not know) that you (be) here. You (be) here long?

—Yes, I (be) here two months.

—You (be) to the Cathedral?

—Yes, I (go) there last Sunday.

14.— You ever (try) to give up smoking?

—Yes, I (try) last year, but then I (find) that I was getting fat so I (start) again.

—Very stupid of you.

15.— You (see) today’s paper?

—No, anything interesting (happen)?

—Yes, two convicted murderers (escape) from the prison down the

road.

16.— Mary (feed) the cat?

—Yes, she (feed) him before lunch.

—What she (give) him? -She (give) him some fish.

17.— How long you (know) your new assistant?

—I (know) him for two years.

—What he (do) before he (come) here?

—I think he (be) in prison.

18.— I (not see) your aunt recently.

—No. She (not be) out of her house since she (buy) her colour TV.

19.— The plumber (be) here yet?

—Yes, but he only (stay) for an hour.

—What he (do) in that time?

—He (turn) off the water and (empty) the tank.

20.— Where you (be)?

—I (be) out in a yacht.

—You (enjoy) it?

—Yes, very much. We (take) part in a race.

—You (win)?

—No, we (come) in last.

21.— How long that horrible monument (be) there?

—It (be) there six months. Lots of people (write) to the Town Council asking them to take it away but so far nothing (be) done.

22.— I just (be) to the film War and Peace. You (see) it?

—No, I ... . Is it like the book?

—I (not read) the book.

—I (read) it when I (be) at school.

—When Tolstoy (write) it?

—He (write) it in 1868.

—He (write) anything else?

23.— Hannibal (bring) elephants across the Alps.

—Why he (do) that?

—He (want) to use them in battle.

24.— Where you (be)?

—I (be) to the dentist.

—He (take) out your bad tooth?

—Yes, he ... .

—It (hurt)?

—Yes, horribly.

25.She (say) that she’d phone me this morning, but it is now 12.30 and she (not phone) yet.

26.— I just (receive) a letter saying that we (not pay) this quarter’s electricity bill. I (not give) you the money for that last week?

—Yes, you … but I’m afraid I (spend) it on something else.

27.— How long you (be) out of work?

—I’m not out of work now. I just (start) a new job.

—How you (find) the job?

—I (answer) an advertisement in the paper.

28.— You (finish) checking the accounts?

—No, not quite, I (do) about half so far.

29.— I (cut) my hand rather badly. Have you a bandage?

—I’ll get you one. How it (happen)?

—I was chopping some wood and the axe (slip).

30.— How you (get) that scar?

—I (get) it in a car accident a year ago.

31.— You (meet) my brother at the lecture yesterday?

—Yes, I ... . We (have) coffee together afterwards.

32.— He (lose) his job last month and since then he (be) out of work.

—Why he (lose) his job?

—He (be) very rude to Mr. Pitt.

33.— What are all those people looking at?

—There (be) an accident.

—You (see) what (happen)?

—Yes, a motor cycle (run) into a lorry.

34.I (phone) you twice yesterday and (get) no answer.

35.Originally horses used in bull fights (not wear) any protection, but for some time now they (wear) special padding.

36.That house (be) empty for a year. But they just (take) down the ‘For Sale’ sign, so I suppose someone (buy) it.