XV. What do you think the aviation will be like in a hundred years from now? What changes will occur? Use your imagination and make some predictions. These are some topics to think about:
Kind of fuel
Design
Flight conditions
Duration of flight
You may wish to make comparisons among the past, the present, and the future. Use the phrases given below:
I predict that someday … will …..
In the near future…
In the distant future…
Someday, …
By 2050, there will be …
XVI. Discuss which of these people use a computer in their jobs and why. Use the phrases given below.
travel agent
flight attendant
pilot
air traffic controller
aircraft designer
Stating Your Opinion
In my opinion,
It appears that
From my point of view,
It seems to me that
I realize / suppose / think / believe
WRITING
What is a memo? A memo is:
a hard-copy (sent on paper) document
used for communicating inside an organization
usually short
contains To, From, Date, Subject Headings and Message sections
Memo does not need to be signed, but sometimes has the sender's name at the bottom to be more friendly, or the sender's full name to be more formal.
There are three basic reasons to write a memo:
to persuade action
to issue a directive
or to provide a report
XVII. Complete the following memo. Find the missing information in the text of the memo.
To: All Hourly Employees
From: (1) ______
Date: November 1, 2011
Subject: (2) _______
(3) ________to announce the annual Lear Christmas party will be held December 17, 2011 at 6:00pm in Oshawa at the C.A.W. union hall. The dinner will be prepared by Judy's Catering and served at 6:30pm, followed by a dance at 8:00pm. (4) _______ live music, games, and prizes throughout the night. Guests are welcome but on a first come first serve basis as these tickets are limited. Fees for the night are as follows: Employee's and their spouse $10.00 each, guests $30.00 each.
(5) ______ your social committee member to purchase tickets by December 2, 2011 as tickets will not be available after this date.
XVIII. Write a memo.
1. Find a technical advertisement in a trade magazine. Assume that you work for a company that uses a product similar to the one in the advertisement. Write an argument/persuasion memo to your supervisor suggesting that the company switch to the brand in the advertisement. Point out the unique features of the product and attach a copy of the advertisement to your memo.
2. Your class has been involved in an “Around the World” discovery. Write an explanatory memo about one country’s culture, foods, religion, and/or history.
3. Write a problem/solution memo to your teacher, boss, friend, etc. documenting a problem and suggesting solutions.
Unit 5
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
I. Discuss the following statements in class. Express your point of view.
1. The manufacture of airplanes both private and commercial has been greatly influenced by computers.
2. Security has emerged as a major factor in both the aviation and aerospace industries as a result of computers’ influence on the aviation field.
3. Computers allow us to make advancements in doing complex calculations.
II. Look at the pictures and decide what computer applications are mentioned. What role does computer play in these spheres of aviation industry?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
III. Match the words from A with their Ukrainian equivalents in B.
A. Fly-by-wire; air traffic control; rudder; glass cockpits; automatic landing system; approach; taxi off; enroute; blueprint
B. електродистанційна система керування; кермо напрямку; план; кабіна літака з комп'ютеризованими графічними дисплеями; заходження на посадку, при польоті по маршруту; автоматична система посадки;управління повітряним рухом
IV. Read and translate the text. What do the following numbers from the text refer to?
777, 100, 21, 450, 1980, 833, 10.9728
Ways that computers impact aviation
Aviation has evolved from simple planes made out of paper and wood to modern airliners that can carry up to 800 people, with a range of 8200nm, at speeds of up to 450 knots (833 km/h) whilst cruising at 36000ft above the Earth. Computers were, amongst other things, major contributors to this gigantic evolution: they were used for designing efficient aircraft with new aerodynamic properties suitable for special roles but are also used to 'fly' the larger jet airliner aircraft, calculate cruising altitudes, speeds, weights, efficiency as well as many other things.
Computers are used for 'simulation flying' where pilots can practice their emergency skills, checklists, operations etc. It is possible for a pilot to have 'zero flight time' in real life: 100% of his flying has been on simulators and has never flown in real life until his/her first commercial flight. This means that pilots do not have to fly in a 'real' aircraft to learn how to fly, which is both safer for people and is much more ecological as a simulator does not run on kerosene. Looking at the commercial side of aviation, computers have allowed an uncontrolled boom in air travel. It is now simpler than ever to book a ticket to almost any part of the world through a click of a mouse in your home. This has created a, sort of, 'global network', where anyone can choose where to fly.
The major area for computers to conquer was the design of aircraft, though many aircraft designers disagree on how much control should remain with the pilot and how much should be given to a computer. Designing a plane is an immensely complex job involving thousands of engineers and ultimately hundreds of thousands of pages of blueprint. In 1980's, Boeing decided to build a new large passenger jet and the program's managers made a fundamental and drastic decision to design the plane entirely on computers, without using traditional paper designs. The result was the Boeing 777, which first flew in 1994 which is referred to as “the first 21st Century Jet.”
There are many uses of modern computing equipment on board in aircrafts today which simplify a pilot's job and have contributed to change a traditional pilot's role.
Autopilots use computers to fly a plane enroute to the destination on the correct course and at the correct altitude.
Automatic landing systems use computers that can fly an approach to an airport, land the plane, and taxi off the runway.
Glass cockpits consist of computer monitors that have replaced most of the mechanical flight indicators used in earlier airlines. The monitors can display a wide range of information including engine performance, fuel levels in the various tanks, the route to the destination, etc.
Fly-by-wire aircraft control systems are now being used in Airbus Industries and Boeing planes. Three computers crosscheck each other. If one of the three is not in agreement with the other two computers, it is automatically removed from the control system. These systems take input from the pilot and copilot controls in the cockpit and send electrical signals to motors on the wings and in the tail to move the control surfaces. This eliminates the need to run hydraulic lines to the ailerons, rudder, and elevator.
Air traffic control centers use computers to display aircraft paths across the country. Information boxes can be displayed beside the flight path of each airplane that show the direction, flight number, and other data.