- •Unit 1 Topic: The usa Grammar: Revision of Tenses. Present Forms
- •1. Make nouns from the following verbs:
- •8. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct tense-form.
- •9. Put all possible questions to the sentences.
- •10. Translate into English.
- •1. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Speak on the topic “The usa”.
- •Materials Technology
- •1. Combine the following words to receive word-combinations:
- •7. Comment on the use of the Past Progressive in the following sentences:
- •8. Comment on the use of the Past Perfect in the following sentences:
- •9. Comment on the use of the Past Perfect Progressive
- •10. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct tense-form:
- •1. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?
- •Metal Processing
- •1. Find pairs of synonyms.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •Factors Affecting Machinability
- •1. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?
- •Welding
- •1. Comment on the meaning of the following word groups:
- •6. Find the gerunds. Comment on their syntactic function.
- •9. Put all possible questions to the sentences.
- •10. Translate into English.
- •1. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •Welding Processes
- •1. Make nouns from the verbs:
- •2. Combine the following words to receive proper terms:
- •4. Replace the underlined words with antonyms where it is necessary:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets in the necessary tense:
- •6. State the type of the subordinate clause.
- •7. Insert what, that or which.
- •8. Choose the conjunction which fits the meaning of the sentence. In some cases more than one will fit.
- •9. Put the verbs in brackets in the necessary tense:
- •10. Translate into English.
- •11. Read the text. Retell it in the past/future tense.
- •1. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?
- •2. Decode the following abbreviations:
- •Welding equipment
- •1. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?
- •Structure of Welding Faculty
- •Department of welding technology
- •Department of electric welding installations
- •Department of machinery parts restoration
- •1. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?
- •VI. Read the paragraph. What is success?
- •Do you think it’s important to be lucky to achieve success in life? Share your opinion concerning the quotations in italics. How to be Successful
- •Have you bought any of the books mentioned in the paragraph?
- •Do you agree with setting achievable realistic goals to use them as stairs to the target one?
- •Does being an optimist help you in being successful in life?
- •The Disadvantages of Success
- •On the scale from 1 to 10 how are material goods important in life for you?
- •II. Try to guess if the following statements are True or False:
- •I. Who do the characters from “Friends” look like:
- •II. Fill in the blanks with the names of the characters who said the following:
- •III. Find the pictures Ross, Rachel, Monica and Phoebe can be associated with basing on the information you’ve learnt from the movie:
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •V. Arrange the following events in the chronological order:
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Read the following examples from the movie and try to explain why this particular time form is used in each one:
- •II. Make up sentences in Future simple or using “to be going to” basing on the following pictures:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word:
- •V. Match the words from the first column with their antonyms in the second column:
- •V. Match the synonyms:
1. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?
2. Answer the following questions.
3. Speak on the topic “”.
4. Communicative situations:
Unit 5
Topic: Welding
Grammar: “-ing” forms
Vocabulary
Learn the following words and word combinations:
fusion ['fjHZ(q)n] – плавка, розплавлення
hammer welding ['hxmq 'weldiN] – зварювання під молотом
thermit welding ['TWmit 'weldiN] – термітне зварювання
electric welding [i'lekrik 'weldiN] – електрозварювання
gas welding [gxs 'weldiN] – газове зварювання
blacksmith forge ['blxksmiT fLG] – ковальський горн
plastic stage ['plxstik steiG] – пластичний стан
ignite [ig'nait] – запалювати
finely ['fainli] – добре, чудово
oxide ['Oksaid] – окисел, оксид
resistance welding [ri'zist(q)n(t)s 'weldiN] – контактне електрозварювання
embrace [im'breis] – охоплювати, включати
spot welding [spot 'weldiN] – крапкове зварювання
butt welding [bAt 'weldiN] – стикове зварювання
electric arc welding [i'lektrik Rk 'weldiN] – електродугове зварювання
additive ['xdqtiv] – домішка, присадка
weld [weld] – шов
edge [eG] – край
autogenous welding [L'tOGqnqs 'weldiN] – газове (автогенне) зварювання
acetylene [q'setilJn] – ацетилен
chamber ['Ceimbq] – камера
injector [in'Gektq] – інжектор
torch [tLC] – пальник
velocity [vi'lOsqti] – швидкість
Reading
Read and translate the text.
Welding
Welding is a process which provides a non-detachable joining of two like metal pieces by heating them till melting condition or fusion with or without the aid of external pressure. Fusion of two metal pieces may be brought about by different types of welding, such as hammer welding, thermit welding, electric welding and gas welding.
Hammer welding is a process in which two metal pieces are joined and fused together by force from a hand or power hammer after having heated these pieces in a blacksmith forge until they reached their plastic stage.
Thermit welding is a process consisting of a chemical reaction obtained by igniting finely divided aluminium and iron oxide. This type of welding is used in repairing rails, frames.
Electric resistance welding is a process consisting of heating metals to be welded to their plastic temperature and then applying mechanical pressure for achieving a non-detachable joining of the metals.
Resistance welding processes form a group consisting of many types of welding. Selection of each type of welding depends on the kind and size of metals to be welded. Resistance welding embraces such processes as spot welding, butt welding, electric welding, etc.
Spot welding is a process when two metals are held between electrodes which pass a heavy current through the metals to be welded. The electrodes having been forced together by pressure join the surfaces of the metals in a spot, the size of which is about the same as that of the tip of the electrode. This kind of welding is suitable for welding parts of airplanes, refrigerators and automobiles.
In butt welding the parts to be welded are pressed together while heat is generated by passing a heavy current through the area of the joint. Butt welding may be applied for welding pipes, tubing, rods, etc.
Electric arc welding is a process in which surfaces to be joined are fused together by heat of an electric arc. The electric arc was invented in 1802 by the famous Russian scientist V.V.Petrov, who demonstrated the possibility of utilizing its heat for fusing metals. By bringing the work and the electrode together as conductors, an electric circuit is established. When the conductors are separated, an electric arc is created in which the electrical energy is converted into heat, its temperature being as high as 70000 F. An additive is placed into the flame of an electric arc. An additive is a metal which is externally applied to the place of welding and melted in order to form a weld together with the material of the work. The electric arc melts both the edges of the parts to be welded and the additive used. The electrode having been removed from the place of welding, the molten metal cools, solidifies and forms a weld, joining the parts of the work.
In autogenous (gas) welding the source of heat is the gas flame obtained from a gas. Acetylene is used more often as a gas for this type of welding. Acetylene and oxygen are ignited in a torch. This mixture gives a steady flame. The welding torch consists essentially of a gas mixing chamber and is designed in two types: the low-pressure injector type and the equal-pressure type. In the injector-type torch the acetylene is delivered at a very low pressure but the oxygen enters the torch at a high pressure and velocity expanding in the mixing chamber. Then the acetylene is drawn by action created in the mixing chamber in a constant ratio to the oxygen. Autogenous welding is carried out in different ways and methods. According to the movement of the torch, welding may be divided into rightward welding and leftward welding. In rightward welding the torch moves ahead of the additive and in leftward welding the additive moves in front of the torch. In practice rightward welding is mostly used. Gas welding may be used for cutting metals and repairing agricultural machines and implements.
Language study