- •Content
- •2. Read the text and translate it. Conservation biology and biodiversity loss
- •3. Read the text and translate it. Biomass
- •4. Read the text and retell it. Biodiversity: Definition and Functions
- •5. Read the text and think over the best title for each paragraph. What is ecosystem?
- •6. Put the verbs in the right form and translate the text. Less fishing means more corals
- •Culprit – виновник
- •Invasive species – инвазивные виды, агрессивные.
- •Baleen whales – гладкие киты, усатые киты chinstrap – антарктический пингвин
- •9. Read the text and translate it.
- •The connection between the endangered species and biodiversity
- •Read the text again and answer the following questions:
- •Work in groups to read the articles. Group a reads text a
- •Text b Endangered animals - Sharks
- •Do agree or disagree with the following statesments. Give specific reasons to prove your answer.
- •Text b Why are sea turtles in big trouble these days?
- •11. Read the text and translate it. Blue whale population finally showing signs of recovery
- •12. Read the text and fill in the words: extinction, population, conservation, areas, coast, krill, solution, breeding, theories. Southern right whales again in trouble?
- •Southern right whales – южный кит
- •Сetaceans – китообразные
- •15. Read the text and answer the questions. Wetlands need to be preserved
- •1. What is wetland?
- •Text b Wetlands are very important for both nature and people
- •Waterfowl – водоплавающая птица
- •High Trophic Level Fish Detected in Aquaculture Feed
- •17. Read the text and answer the questions. Overfishing
- •18. Read the text and translate it. Water conservation
- •19. Read the text and translate it. Endangered species - Penguins
- •20. Read the text and translate it. The Iceland management system: structure and function
- •21. Read the text and translate it. Fishery
- •22. Read the text and translate it. Pelagic fish
- •Epipelagic fish
- •Epipelagic fish – эпилагическая рыба
- •23. Read the text and fill in the right word. Aquatic ecosystem
- •Freshwater
- •Functions
- •Abiotic characteristics
- •24. Read the text, translate it and explain the words in bolds. Biodiversity and Productivity of Ecosystems
- •Nature Protection and Conservation
- •26. Read the text and translate it. Coastal fish
- •Deep water fish
- •27. Read the text and translate it. Bathypelagic fish
- •Humpback anglerfish – мелацент Джонсона
- •28. Read the text and translate it. Benthopelagic fish
- •Read the text again and answer the questions:
- •29. Read the text and think over the best title for each paragraph: Predator fish
- •30. Read the text and translate it. Productivity
- •Are the following statesment true or false:
- •31. Read the text and translate it. Marine biology
- •Test Choose the right variant. Sometimes one or two variants are possible.
- •7. The term "open ocean" usually is meant to refer to the vast stretches of water between points of land, or between ________.
- •Список использованных источников:
31. Read the text and translate it. Marine biology
Marine biology is the scientific study of living organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water. Given that in biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology classifies species based on the environment rather than on taxonomy.
Marine life is a vast resource, providing food, medicine, and raw materials, in addition to helping to support recreation and tourism all over the world. At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet. Marine organisms contribute significantly to the oxygen cycle, and are involved in the regulation of the earth's climate. Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life, and some marine organisms even help create new land.
Marine biology covers a great deal, from the microscopic, including most zooplankton and phytoplankton, where zooplankton can be as small as 0. 02micrometers or as big as 2 meters in the case of the sunfish to the hugecetaceans (whales) which reach up to a reported 48 meters (125 feet) in length.
The habitats studied by marine biology include everything from the tiny layers of surface water in which organisms and abiotic items may be trapped in surface tension between the ocean and atmosphere, to the depths of the abyssal trenches, sometimes 10,000 meters or more beneath the surface of the ocean. It studies habitats such as coral reefs, kelp forests, tidepools, muddy, sandy and rocky bottoms, and the open ocean (pelagic) zone, where solid objects are rare and the surface of the water is the only visible boundary.
A large amount of all life on Earth exists in the oceans. Exactly how large the proportion is still unknown. While the oceans comprise about 71% of the Earth's surface, due to their depth they encompass about 300 times the habitable volume of the terrestrial habitats on Earth.
Many species are economically important to humans, including the food fishes. It is also becoming understood that the well-being of marine organisms and other organisms are linked in very fundamental ways. Human understanding is growing of the relationship bet
ween life in the sea and important cycles such as that of matter (such as the carbon cycle) and of air (such as Earth's respiration, and movement of energy through ecosystems). Large areas beneath the ocean surface still remain effectively unexplored.
The marine ecosystem is large, and thus there are many subfields of marine biology. Most involve studying specializations of particular species (i. e. phycology, invertebrate zoology and ichthyology).
Other subfields study the physical effects of continual immersion in sea water and the ocean in general, adaptation to a salty environment, and the effects of changing various oceanic properties on marine life. A subfield of marine biology studies the relationships between oceans and ocean life, and global warming and environmental issues (such as carbon dioxide displacement).
Recent marine biotechnology has focused largely on marine biomolecules, especially proteins, that may have uses in medicine or engineering. Marine environments are the home to many exotic biological materials that may inspire biomimetic materials.
brackish water – слабоминерализованная вода
abyssal trenches – глубоководные впадины
immersion – погружение
displacement – вытеснение
genera – вид, род
tidepools – лужа в приливноотливной зоне
biomimetic materials – биомиметический материал
Match two coloms to make word combinations. Make your own sentences with them.
brackish abyssal ocean carbon biological marine |
tranch life cycle material organisms water |