Text b Wetlands are very important for both nature and people

If we are to use most simple definition then perfect definition for wetland would be area with much moisture in the soil, such as swamp, marsh or bog. Wetlands are usually extremely beautiful pieces of nature with extremely rich biodiversity. Here are homes of many different ecosystems, for instance for hundreds of species of waterfowl, many other birds, fish, mammals, insects, and of course plants. Wetlands are very often homes of home endemic animal and plant species that can't be found nowhere else. But their role isn't only in providing breeding, nesting and feeding grounds to variety of different species. Wetlands are also important because of many other abilities. For instance wetlands slow the flow of surface water therefore reducing the impact of flooding, protect subsurface water resources, and also recharging ground water supplies, act as erosion controllers by serving as a sedimentation area, and they can even store greenhouse gases responsible for global warming, there slowing impact of global warming.

With so many different functions it is more than obvious that wetlands are of the highest importance, and that we need to do our best to protect and recover wetlands. Some data suggests that by 1993 half the world wetlands had been drained. Good news is that there are many countries that have in the meantime understood the importance that wetlands have not only to nature but for people as well. United States have also issued some complex regulations in order to protect remaining wetland areas, though it has to be said that during George Bush there hasn't been a lot of work done to further strengthen protection of wetlands. Hopefully Obama's environmental plan would include wetlands too because their multi-functionality makes them extremely important. 

Waterfowl – водоплавающая птица

sedimentation area – область осадконакопления

ground water supplies – питание грунтовыми водами

cayman – черный кайман

Match two collomns to make word combinations:

devastating environmental water wetland sedimentation complex

effect reserve area regulations areas damage

Word formation. Add the right suffixes to the fords to make new words: strength, important, develop, wild, protect, regulate, response, expand, forest, environment, control, function.

Are the sentences true or false?

1. Wetland is home for different ecosystems.

2. Economic progress produced a devastating effect on environment.

3. Wetlands fasilitate the flow of surface water and cause floodings.

4. Many contries now understand the importance of wetland.

5. Fertilizers cause damage to wetlands.

16. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the right word: ecosystems, fish, species, aquariums, aquaculture, researchers, consumption.

High Trophic Level Fish Detected in Aquaculture Feed

GLOBAL - Researchers from the University of Oviedo have for the first time analysed a DNA fragment from commercial feed for aquarium cichlids, salmon aquaculture and marine ______ in aquariums. The results show that in order to manufacture this feed, eight species of high trophic level fish have been used, some of them coming directly from extractive fisheries.

Aquaculture initially came as an ecological initiative to reduce pressure from fishing and to cover human food needs. However, a problem has emerged: consumers prefer carnivore ______, like salmon and cod that require tons of high quality protein for their quick, optimum development. 

"If these proteins are obtained from extractive fisheries, aquaculture stops being an alternative to over-fishing and starts contributing to it, turning it into a risk for natural marine ________ " Alba Ardura, lead author of the study published in 'Fisheries Research' and researcher in the department of Functional Biology at the University of Oviedo told SINC. 

The research team analysed a DNA fragment from commercial feed made for aquarium cichlids, aquaculture of salmon and marine fish in _______. After removing oil and fat from the feed, DNA sequences were obtained and compared with public databases to identify the species found. 

From fish feed samples, supplied by manufacturers and bought in animal shops, _________ identified eight species of wild marine fish that were from high trophic levels in the food chain. 

Industrial waste from processing and commercialisation for human __________ of Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), European sprat (Sprattus sprattus), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), Pacific sandlance (Ammodytes personatus), jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus), and blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus), allow fish meal for aquaculture fish to be made. 

Nonetheless, according to the researcher "some of the species found in this feed are commercialised fresh without being processed and they suspect that they came to the feed directly from extractive fisheries." This is the case with herring and Pacific sandlance. 

The research suggests that _________ is partly maintained by fisheries, and aquaculture fishes are fed by wild fish sold "whole" (without being processed) and fresh directly from fishing vessels.

carnivore species – плотоядные животные

cichlids – цихлиды

anchoveta – боконы

sandlance – песчанка

whiting – мерланг, серебристая мерлуза, хек