Vocabulary notes
experience – рабочий опыт, стаж
interpretation – перевод (устный)
reviewing – (зд.) анализ
promote – продвигать, повышать по службе
keep cool – держать себя в руках
suit – устраивать, подходить
References – (зд.) характеристики, рекомендации
IV. Brush up your grammar a. Grammar Folio The Past Perfect Tense
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Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
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he she it had worked we you they
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I he she it Had worked? we you they
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I he she it had not worked we you they
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I
Past Perfect выражает действие, которое совершилось раньше другого действия в прошлом или к определённому моменту в прошлом. Отсюда его название – “ прошедшее законченное”.
Момент прошедшего времени выражается обстоятельством времени с предлогом by, часто в сочетании с наречием already.
Момент прошедшего времени выражается другим прошедшим действием в Past Indefinite в придаточном предложении времени.
B. Exercises
Translate into Russian and comment on the use of the Past Perfect Tense.
1.Employment in service businesses had more than doubled by 2000 in the U.S.A.
2.By the end of the year he had learnt to speak Dutch.
3.More than a year had passed since I found a job of a truck driver in a retailing company.
4.All my friends knew that I had got an excellent job offer.
5.As I hadn’t got an answer, I sent them another letter of application.
6.The employer selected the most suitable applicants for the job after they had gone through a series of interviews and tests.
7. As more organizations had expanded into global markets, they needed managers and employees with technical skills and knowledge of foreign languages.
8. By the time we finally decided to change the company’s direction, human resources managers had figured out how to attract qualified employees with specialized skills.
9.I had read advertisement in a local newspaper before I wrote resume to send it to the employer.
10. Before the Internet came into wide use throughout the world, the employers had practiced traditional methods of recruiting.
10. The cable the boss received said that his five employees had left for France for job-training.
11. He found his first few weeks at ‘Johnson & Johnson” very difficult because he had not had any experience in the field of marketing before.
Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect Tense.
1. I found out about the vacancy too late. When my application form arrived, they _________ (to appoint) someone.
2. We knew that by the time he joined our company he _______(to work) as an economist at “Maxwell Company”.
3. Our firm hired 200 new employees after it _______ (to open) some branches in Boston and Denver.
4. The boss gave his secretary opportunity to go on holiday because she ________ (to do) a great deal of work by that time.
5. $ 5,000 were paid to the headhunter because he ________ (to bring) the company a qualified person for a permanent position.
6. I was very sorry to hear that the company ________ (to choose) another applicant for this position.
7. The new human resources management of the corporation was to solve problems which (not to solve) by the previous team.
8. When our manager came into the room, we understood that something ________ (to happen) to him, because he was so pale and his hands were trembling.
9. Nobody knew that I ________ (to spend) much time in Japan, where I _________ (to have) my language practice.
10. The company reorganization was necessary at the moment because it ________(to suffer) great losses.
11.The Financial Director rejected my offer because Mr. Blake from human resources department ________ (to propose) already just the same.
3. Complete the following sentences using the Past Perfect Tense.
Model:
She found working from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. very difficult because…
She found working from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. very difficult because she
had never had a full time job before.
1. Some hundred people lost their jobs in our company because…
2. She felt that a change of job would be good for her because
3. The company management was forced to fire some employees because…
4. We managed to find highly skilled applicants more easily because…
5. The company used less paid advertising and fewer corporate headhunters because…
6. He decided to specialize in the sphere of computer programming because…
7. This man was paid a bounty because…..
8. The firm needed managers speaking Dutch because…
9. The girl was suitable for the position of a secretary because…
10 Camilla wanted to work for that company because….
4. Find in the dialogue (Speech and Writing Practice Ex.5) the sentences with the Past Perfect Tense and explain the use of the Past Perfect Tense in each sentence.
UNIT 5