переклад

Усно

Analyse translation transformations and find out their types. Explain the reasons for translation transformations.

1. The airliner carried 78 passengers and 4 crew. На борту літака було 78 пасажирів і 4 члени екіпажу. 2. The treaty was pronounced null and void. Договір було визнано недійсним. 3. Just and equitable treatment of all nations – справедливе ставлення до всіх країн. 4. He wants to look into the thing himself. Він хоче сам розібратися у цій справі. 5. The dog sniffed every inch of the ground. Собака обнюхав всю ділянку. 6. She was letting her temper by inches. Вона потроху втрачала терпіння. 7. He did not believe it until he saw it with his own eyes. Він повірив тільки тоді, коли побачив це на власні очі. 8. He was a bit exited, but that is not unusual with him. Він був трохи схвильований, але він майже завжди такий. 9. Keep the child out of the sun. Не тримайте дитину на сонці. 10. He noticed that she had left her wine-glass full of wine. Він помітив, що вона не доторкнулася до вина. 11. He has always been easy-going. Він завжди охоче знайомиться. 12. A nostalgic view of the early US – ностальгічний погляд на ранні етапи існування США. 13. How are things? Як успіхи? 14. Love to everybody! Привіт усім! 15. Valid with diploma only. Без диплома не дійсний. 16. Where there is a will there is a way. Де руки й охота, там скора робота. 17. She slammed the door into his face. Вона грюкнула дверима у нього перед носом. 18. Keep your hands off the lever! Не чіпайте важеля! 19. He was kept off the air. Його позбавили права виступати в ефірі (на радіо). 20. They shook hands. Вони потисли один одному руки.

усно

Translate the following sentences employing key words/ word combinations. Comment on translation transformations.

1. He had to establish new industries which did not exist before (галузі промисловості). 2. They call for a left government (утворити). 3. Protester was jailed (учасник демонстрації). 4. It poses scientific and humanitarian questions that are being debated internationally (на міжнародному рівні/ у міжнародному масштабі/ між країнами). 5. He watched the young man out of the room (вийшов). 6. It was a stiff pull, but their weariness fell from them as they crouched low to the snow, whining with eagerness and gladness as they struggled upward to the last ounce of effort in their bodies (з останніх сил). 7. The American civilization took over and replaced the frontier (перемогла). 8. The frontier offered a new beginning for many Americans (новий шлях). 9. There were fewer differences in wealth between rich and poor on the frontier than in the more settled regions (не було такої різниці). 10. It is time he was awake to the danger of his position (усвідомити). 11. He is skilled with guns and other weapons (зброєю). 12. Today there are over 200 million guns in USA (кількість зброї). 13. Snowdrifts three feet deep (висотою). 14. Leave your name on the desk? (картку). 15. After lunch he decided to go to the woods (прогулянку).

письмово

Translate the following sentences employing the semantic transformations suggested in the parenthesis.

1. Already the reactionary offensive was begin­ning to get the inevitable answer from the Latin America (specification). 2. At seven o'clock a dull meal was served in the oakpanelled dining-room (specification). 3. 1 apologize for stepping on your toe (generalization). 4. Now, more than two hours later, the big jet was still stuck, its fuselage and tail blocking railway three zero (generalization). 5. He would cheer up somehow, begin to laugh again, and draw skeletons all over his slate, before his eyes were dry (logical development of meaning). 6. Unfortunately, the ground to the right which was normally grass covered, had a drainage problem, due to be worked on when winter ended (logical development of meaning). 7. He had an old mother whom he never disobeyed (antonymous translation). 8. No person may be reinstated to a position in the post service without passing an appropriate examination (antonymous translation). 9. When she reached the house she gave another proof of her identity (explication). 10. In one of his whistle-stop speeches the Presidential nominee briefly outlined his attitude towards civil rights program (explication). 11. Every inch of his face expressed amazement (generalization). 12. He refrained from making a single remark (antonymous translation). 13. A little water stood in her eyes (logical development of meaning). 14. When their eyes met, she made a little gesture of smiling recognition (logical development of meaning). 15. It is a case of mistaken identity (total reinterpretation).

письмово

Translate the following sentences employing translation transformations.

1. Bluebells carpeted the ground there. 2. He tried to tidy himself but he forgot the cigarette ash on his trousers. 3. The President has called for Congress to look to the problem of crime nationally and take appropriate measures. 4. The hungry man wolfed it down. 5. The proposal was rejected and repudiated. 6. He leapt to his feet and hurried across the road to meet them. 7. Things look promising. 8. He was afraid that he might call too soon, and so be guilty of an awful breach of that awful thing called etiquette. 9. He left his seat before the curtain went down. 10. There are those who argue that both are wrong, and that the whole space effort is a waste of resources. 11. When he could go out they rode in the carriage in the park. 12. She was feeling the champagne. 13. The language of the anti-union laws of the 1920's was not so different from the Smith Act. It was an classic set-up, designed to pull hundreds into its thought-control dragnet. 14. The pre-war arms drive gave a spur to the expansion of production facili­ties, but it still further reduced the purchasing power of the people. 15. The enemy rushed new troops and facilities to the area. 16. They were all mechanics and hated the war. 17. Two riot police were reported shot in clashes. 18. The tones of her voice were clear and not unmelodious. 19. He remembered to be polite. 20. It was mysteriously white out of door, with nothing awake except the birds just beginning to chirp. 21. We had letters of introduction and met all the best French artists and writers in Paris. 22. He didn’t say anything for a moment. 23. She had never seen him dance before. 24. He looked around with an expression of surprise that he was still in sight of shore. 25. You see we don’t believe in war anyway. 26. That was the one thing he had to remember to do.