Conclusions

PDT represents a promising but currently underused alternative treatment modality for lung cancer treatment. For patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, PDT is primarily employed as an endobronchial therapy for a de - nite treatment of endobronchial, roentgenographically occult, or synchronous primary carcinomas. PDT appears to be effective as de nitive monotherapy in treating bronchoscopically visible lung cancers ≤1 cm extension and without extra cartilaginous invasion.

Finally, for patients with locally advanced-­ stage non-small cell lung cancer, PDT can be used to palliate obstructing endo-bronchial lesions as a neoadjuvant component of multimodality therapy, to reduce the extent of surgery, to palliate symptoms, and to increase operability.

Finally, ongoing research on the many aspects and applications of PDT makes this therapy a promising tool whose applications keep expanding to newer indications.

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