- •«Финансовый университет
- •Предисловие
- •Часть 1:
- •Часть 2:
- •Into the Modern Era (1950s – Present)
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Violence in Schools
- •Ian says:
- •Unit II
- •Vocabulary list
- •Text b What are Microeconomics and Macroeconomics?
- •Vocabulary List
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 Text a The system of higher education in the United States
- •Text b Education in the United States
- •Community Colleges
- •The Ivy League
- •Glossary
- •Unit III
- •Opportunity Costs
- •Vocabulary list
- •Planned Economies
- •Market Economies
- •Vocabulary list
- •Mixed Economy
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •How to Choose a University Course
- •Unit IV Part 1 Competition
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary List
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 TextA
- •Strengths and Weaknesses of a Student
- •How to be motivated to start studying
- •Instructions:
- •Tips & warnings
- •How to be a good student
- •Instructions:
- •Unit V Part 1 Money: History and Functions
- •History of the word “money”
- •Functions of money
- •Money as a medium of exchange
- •Money as a store of value
- •Money as a unit of account
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Money and the Meaning of Life
- •Respect & recognition
- •Personal satisfaction
- •Unit VI Part 1 Forms of Money
- •Commodity money
- •Metallic money
- •Metallic coins
- •History Paper money
- •Obligations
- •Gold Standard
- •Gold Exchange Standard
- •Vocabulary List
- •Intrinsic value, bill of exchange, scarcity, durability, fiat money, nominal value, gold standard, legal tender
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •It’s All Who You Know
- •The Effect of Part-Time Jobs on Students
- •Unit VII
- •Movements in individual prices and in the general price level
- •Measurement issues
- •Consumer Price Index
- •Measurement problems
- •Nominal and real variables
- •Vocabulary list
- •Hyperinflation
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 From College to Career
- •Navigate Change: 3 Tips to Manage the Transition from College to Career
- •1. Small Steps
- •2. Small Dreams
- •3. Big Belief
- •1. Do you prefer to study…
- •2. Do you study best…
- •3. Do you prefer to work…
- •Goldsmith to Banker
- •Vocabulary list
- •Text b The Bank of England
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Career: Economist
- •Unit IX Part 1 Globalization
- •The Pros and Cons of Globalization
- •Vocabularylist
- •Interaction, globalization, cross-border, controversial, vulnerability, interdependence, integration
- •Text b Russia and Globalization
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Part 2 Why learn languages?
- •10 Good reasons why you should be learning a foreign language
- •Text a British educational and foreign language policy
- •I. Single European Market
- •II. European Monetary Institute
- •III. Ecb and the euro
- •Vocabulary List
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 Defining a 21st Century Education: At a Glance
- •Appendix I Communication Skills
- •Greetings and Introductions
- •Introductions – Social Language
- •Informal Greetings: Arriving
- •Informal Greetings: Departing
- •Travel Greetings - Social Language
- •Social Contacts: Starting a Conversation
- •Five Basic Facts
- •Hobbies / Free Time
- •Social Contacts: Speaking to Strangers; Special Days
- •Interrupting
- •Special Days
- •Social Contacts: Small Talk
- •Social Contacts: First Name, Last Name Or Title?
- •Expressing opinion
- •Making Suggestions
- •Construction
- •Stating a Preference
- •Construction
- •Disagreeing
- •Giving Advice
- •Construction
- •Contrasting Ideas
- •Construction
- •Asking for Information and Explanations
- •Construction
- •Task: Make up short dialogues using the above constructions. Demanding Explanations
- •Construction
- •Telephoning (I) Telephone English - Important Phrases
- •Telephone English - Leaving Messages
- •Telephoning (II) Business Telephone Conversation Patterns
- •Interrupting
- •Negotiations
- •Glossary
- •Negotiations Stages. The language
- •1 Opening the Negotiations
- •2 Clarifying Proposals
- •3 Exploring the Zone of Bargaining and Options
- •4 Bargaining
- •5 Entering the Critical Phase
- •Identifying obstacles:
- •6 Closing
- •The Negotiation Process
- •Language to use to show understanding/agreement on a point:
- •Language to use for objection on a point or offer:
- •Markus Opens the Negotiations
- •Appendix II
- •Summary Writing
- •If you must use the words of the author, cite them.
- •Gist Writing
- •Getting the gist
- •Appendix III
- •I. Preparation and Planning
- •I.1 Essential Preparation and Planning Checklist
- •I.2 Other questions concerning physical aspects.
- •II. Structure of an Oral Presentation
- •II.1.D Give title and introduce subject
- •II.1.E Give your objectives (purpose, aim, goals)
- •II.1.F Announce your outline.
- •II.3 The end or conclusion
- •II.3.A Content
- •II.3.B Dealing with difficult questions
- •Summary of Part II
- •III. Visuals
- •Vocabulary of graphs/chart
- •IV. A Relationship with the Audience
- •V. Body Language
- •VI. Voice and Pronunciation
- •Заключение
- •List of Literature
- •Internet sources:
- •Благодарности
- •Contents
Language to use to show understanding/agreement on a point:
I agree with you on that point.
That's a fairsuggestion.
So what you're saying is that you...
In other words, you feel that...
You have a strong point there.
I think we can both agree that...
I don't see any problem with/harm in that.
Language to use for objection on a point or offer:
I understand where you're coming from; however,...
I'm prepared to compromise, but...
The way I look at it...
The way I see things...
If you look at it from my point of view...
I'm afraid I had something different in mind.
That's not exactly how I look at it.
Frommyperspective...
I'd have to disagree with you there.
I'm afraid that doesn't work for me.
Is that your best offer?
BodyLanguage |
Possiblemeaning |
AvoidingEyeContact |
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SeriousEyeContact |
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Touchingtheface/fidgeting |
|
Nodding |
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Shaking the head/turning away |
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Task 1. Read the following script. Answer the question and do the assignments below.
Markus Opens the Negotiations
It's finally lunchtime and Markus and Louis meet as planned. Markus offers for Louis to speak first, but Louis declines.
Markus: Thanks again for agreeing to meet today. I really appreciate you taking the time during your lunch.
Louis: Okay, well, let's get started. I'd like to resolve this as soon as possible so we can get back to work.
Markus: Great. Okay, well, if there's anything you'd like to say first, please be my guest.
Louis: Oh, no, I insist you go first. After all, you're the one who asked to meet with me.
Markus: Very well then. First of all I want you to know that I am fully aware of the challenges you have faced in running this company in the last few years. I understand that the poor weather last year ended up costing you and all of the local landscape companies a lot of money. However, I think you realize that I am unsatisfied with my current salary. I've been with Landscape labourers for 5 years now and there have been many other years that were profitable. Despite how much your business has grown, I'm making less than a dollar more than I was the day I started.
Louis: You're lucky to have a job in these times.
Markus: Yes, and I'm very thankful that you have employed me all this time, especially during the slow seasons when the company is struggling to make a profit. It means a lot to me to have that stability, which is why I have remained loyal to your company.
Louis: You haven't had much choice but to remain loyal, Markus. There are no jobs out there.
Markus: Well if you don't mind, I'd like to finish what I have to say and then you can let me know what your position is. As a matter of fact, there are a few companies hiring right now in our area. These are not all necessarily companies that I would be interested in working with. For example, you and I both know that I would never want to work for a company such as Powell Designs. I'd much prefer to be associated with a company like Landscape Labourers because we do a good job. Having said that, I took the liberty of calling a few other local companies to find out what type of salary packages they offer to their foremen. Louis: Foremen? I don't have a foreman. I never have. It's not my style. Don't forget, you're a contract labourer just like the rest of the crew. Markus: Yes, I thank you for bringing that up. Besides deserving a higher salary, one that is competitive with local companies, I also think that I deserve a new title. You and I both know that the crew looks to me as though I am a foreman, even though I don't have the title.
Louis: You don't have the title, but you don't have the responsibility either. It's a lot of work being a foreman.
Markus: Exactly. And you can't say that you haven't noticed me coming in earlier than the others and leaving later. I also designate jobs to all of the crew members each morning and call suppliers when needs arise. These are duties of a foreman, am I right?
Louis: I suppose. But a foreman also helps solve conflicts that arise within a team, and deals with customer complaints. You always pass those things on to me.
Markus: I agree with you on that. However, I would be willing to take on these extra responsibilities, should you offer me a foreman position at a rate of $25.00 per hour.
……………
Who takes part in these negotiations? What are their positions, do you think?
What problem is being discussed?
What are Markus’s demands? Do you find them reasonable?
Do you think he found the convincing arguments to prove his point?
What’s Louis’s attitude towards Markus’s demands, judging by the information from the script?
The dialogue is unfinished. Complete it making different endings:
Markus achieves his goal.
Louis stands his ground.
Markus and Louis find a compromise.
Think over other possible outcomes.
Comment on the language used by the participants. Is it appropriate? Aren’t there any phrases that sound too categorical?
Reproduce the dialogue making up any appropriate ending you like.
Task 2: Match the sentences on the left with the more diplomatic sentences on the right.
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Task 3: Make sentences using the information below. Start each sentence with If.
we/delay/miss/opportunity
you/not/repay/overdraft/they/take legal action
we/take out/ loan/we/be able/ extend/factory
we/fail/we/learn from/mistakes/start again
you/want/repay by installments/terms/change
you/bring in another backer/we/consider revising/rate
we/can’t get/loan/we/have to/ turn to family and friends/start-up capital
you/not/bring/account/within/credit terms/we/suspend/credit facilities
Task 4: In negotiations, you cannot always answer all questions immediately. Note how Speaker B expresses the need for a little thinking time, and complete the exchanges with the phrases from the table below.
A: Do you think you’ll be able to break even in two years?
B: Well, maybe, erm, ………
A: So exactly how many backers will you be able to find?
B: Can I…...?
A: Will you accept payment by installments?
B: We’ll ……
A: We’d like to know why the overdraft hasn’t been repaid yet.
B: I’ll……
A: How much will you need for start-up costs?
B: Well,……
A: So we’re all agreed on the collateral, then?
B: ……
hold on a minute; get back to you on that one; think about that;
I don’t know really; that really depends on the market; look into that