- •«Финансовый университет
- •Предисловие
- •Часть 1:
- •Часть 2:
- •Into the Modern Era (1950s – Present)
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Violence in Schools
- •Ian says:
- •Unit II
- •Vocabulary list
- •Text b What are Microeconomics and Macroeconomics?
- •Vocabulary List
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 Text a The system of higher education in the United States
- •Text b Education in the United States
- •Community Colleges
- •The Ivy League
- •Glossary
- •Unit III
- •Opportunity Costs
- •Vocabulary list
- •Planned Economies
- •Market Economies
- •Vocabulary list
- •Mixed Economy
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •How to Choose a University Course
- •Unit IV Part 1 Competition
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary List
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 TextA
- •Strengths and Weaknesses of a Student
- •How to be motivated to start studying
- •Instructions:
- •Tips & warnings
- •How to be a good student
- •Instructions:
- •Unit V Part 1 Money: History and Functions
- •History of the word “money”
- •Functions of money
- •Money as a medium of exchange
- •Money as a store of value
- •Money as a unit of account
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Money and the Meaning of Life
- •Respect & recognition
- •Personal satisfaction
- •Unit VI Part 1 Forms of Money
- •Commodity money
- •Metallic money
- •Metallic coins
- •History Paper money
- •Obligations
- •Gold Standard
- •Gold Exchange Standard
- •Vocabulary List
- •Intrinsic value, bill of exchange, scarcity, durability, fiat money, nominal value, gold standard, legal tender
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •It’s All Who You Know
- •The Effect of Part-Time Jobs on Students
- •Unit VII
- •Movements in individual prices and in the general price level
- •Measurement issues
- •Consumer Price Index
- •Measurement problems
- •Nominal and real variables
- •Vocabulary list
- •Hyperinflation
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 From College to Career
- •Navigate Change: 3 Tips to Manage the Transition from College to Career
- •1. Small Steps
- •2. Small Dreams
- •3. Big Belief
- •1. Do you prefer to study…
- •2. Do you study best…
- •3. Do you prefer to work…
- •Goldsmith to Banker
- •Vocabulary list
- •Text b The Bank of England
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Career: Economist
- •Unit IX Part 1 Globalization
- •The Pros and Cons of Globalization
- •Vocabularylist
- •Interaction, globalization, cross-border, controversial, vulnerability, interdependence, integration
- •Text b Russia and Globalization
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Part 2 Why learn languages?
- •10 Good reasons why you should be learning a foreign language
- •Text a British educational and foreign language policy
- •I. Single European Market
- •II. European Monetary Institute
- •III. Ecb and the euro
- •Vocabulary List
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 Defining a 21st Century Education: At a Glance
- •Appendix I Communication Skills
- •Greetings and Introductions
- •Introductions – Social Language
- •Informal Greetings: Arriving
- •Informal Greetings: Departing
- •Travel Greetings - Social Language
- •Social Contacts: Starting a Conversation
- •Five Basic Facts
- •Hobbies / Free Time
- •Social Contacts: Speaking to Strangers; Special Days
- •Interrupting
- •Special Days
- •Social Contacts: Small Talk
- •Social Contacts: First Name, Last Name Or Title?
- •Expressing opinion
- •Making Suggestions
- •Construction
- •Stating a Preference
- •Construction
- •Disagreeing
- •Giving Advice
- •Construction
- •Contrasting Ideas
- •Construction
- •Asking for Information and Explanations
- •Construction
- •Task: Make up short dialogues using the above constructions. Demanding Explanations
- •Construction
- •Telephoning (I) Telephone English - Important Phrases
- •Telephone English - Leaving Messages
- •Telephoning (II) Business Telephone Conversation Patterns
- •Interrupting
- •Negotiations
- •Glossary
- •Negotiations Stages. The language
- •1 Opening the Negotiations
- •2 Clarifying Proposals
- •3 Exploring the Zone of Bargaining and Options
- •4 Bargaining
- •5 Entering the Critical Phase
- •Identifying obstacles:
- •6 Closing
- •The Negotiation Process
- •Language to use to show understanding/agreement on a point:
- •Language to use for objection on a point or offer:
- •Markus Opens the Negotiations
- •Appendix II
- •Summary Writing
- •If you must use the words of the author, cite them.
- •Gist Writing
- •Getting the gist
- •Appendix III
- •I. Preparation and Planning
- •I.1 Essential Preparation and Planning Checklist
- •I.2 Other questions concerning physical aspects.
- •II. Structure of an Oral Presentation
- •II.1.D Give title and introduce subject
- •II.1.E Give your objectives (purpose, aim, goals)
- •II.1.F Announce your outline.
- •II.3 The end or conclusion
- •II.3.A Content
- •II.3.B Dealing with difficult questions
- •Summary of Part II
- •III. Visuals
- •Vocabulary of graphs/chart
- •IV. A Relationship with the Audience
- •V. Body Language
- •VI. Voice and Pronunciation
- •Заключение
- •List of Literature
- •Internet sources:
- •Благодарности
- •Contents
Writing
Task I. Write a Summary and a Gist of Texts A, B and C.
Task II. Write down a numerical example of the calculation of the total cost of the basket and the computation of the price index, similar to that given below. Make all the necessary calculations and comment on them.
Let us illustrate the considerations above by means of a simple numerical example.
Suppose that a representative market basket of the yearly expenditure of teenagers is 100 sandwiches, 50 soft drinks, ten energy drinks and one mountain bike.
|
Quantity |
Price (year 1) |
Price (year 2) |
Price (year 3) |
Sandwiches |
100 |
EUR 1.00 |
EUR 1.20 |
EUR 0.90 |
Soft drinks |
50 |
EUR 0.50 |
EUR 0.40 |
EUR 0.70 |
Energy drinks |
10 |
EUR 1.50 |
EUR 1.70 |
EUR 1.20 |
Mountain bike |
1 |
EUR 160.00 |
EUR 173.00 |
EUR 223.00 |
Cost of the market basket |
|
EUR 300.00 |
EUR 330.00 |
EUR 360.00 |
Price index |
|
100.00 |
110.00 |
120.00 |
The total cost of the basket can then be calculated by multiplying the quantities by the respective prices and adding everything up. It is easy to see that between the first and second year, the cost of this basket of goods has risen from EUR 300 to EUR 330, or by 10 %. From the first to the third year, the cost has risen from EUR 300 to EUR 360, or by the equivalent of 20 %.
Another way to express this is by means of a price index. In order to compute the price index, the cost of the market basket in any period is divided by the cost of the market basket in the base period, and the result is multiplied by 100. In the table above, year 1 is the base period. The price index for year 3 is therefore:
Price Index = (P3/P1) × 100 = (360/300) × 100 = 120.00
The price index tries to give a general picture of what is happening to a great many prices. As the example shows, the price index may rise despite some prices actually declining.
Speaking
Task I. Present the information on Inflation, Deflation and Price Stability in the form of a report. Use examples of your own to illustrate it.
Task II. Find some examples of hyperinflations occurring in different countries, What effects did it have on the economy of these countries? Prepare reports on the issue and present them in class.
Task III. Act as an interpreter for Parts A and B.
1. Тема нашей сегодняшней дискуссии – инфляция. Мы рады приветствовать ведущего экономиста Института экономических исследований Принстонского университета (США), профессора Адамса, который согласился ответить на наши вопросы, касающиеся этого понятия. Итак, первый вопрос: что такое инфляция и каково ее влияние на экономику? 2. Можем ли мы сделать вывод, что дефляция, как явление, противоположное инфляции, наоборот оказывается благоприятной для экономического развития? 3. А каковы методы измерения уровня инфляции? Какие данные необходимы для этого? 4.Как известно, индекс потребительских цен может расти, в то время как наблюдается падение цен на некоторые продукты либо услуги. Как вы можете объяснить это явление? 5. Вы согласны с тем, что население, потребители должны иметь некоторую уверенность в завтрашнем дне, - я имею в виду, в том, что инфляция не поднимется выше определенного уровня? 6. И в заключение, последний вопрос. Что такое гиперинфляция? 7. Спасибо за разъяснение, уважаемый профессор. Будем рады видеть вас снова. |
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