- •English For it Students
- •Предисловие
- •Vocabulary:
- •Central Processing Unit (cpu)
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 2. Programming
- •Creating Computer Programs
- •Vocabulary:
- •Structured and Object-Oriented Programming
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 3. Databases Text 7 Databases and Database Management Systems
- •Database Structures
- •Unit 4. Networks
- •Network Structures
- •Vocabulary:
- •A(an) __________ is a way to connect computers so that they can communicate, exchange information, and share resources in real time.
- •Network Topologies
- •Internet
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 5. Information Systems
- •Building Information Systems
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part II
- •Unit 1. Computers around Us
- •Importance of Computer Literacy
- •Shapes of Computers Today
- •Technical Documentation
- •Types of Documentation
- •Computing Issues That Affect Us All Computer Crime
- •Computer Viruses
- •Unit 2. Input, Output, Storage Devices
- •The Mouse
- •Variants of the Mouse
- •Alternative Methods of Input Devices for the Hand
- •Optical Input Devices
- •Audiovisual Input Devices
- •Monitors and Sound Systems Monitors
- •Pc Projectors
- •Sound Systems
- •Printers
- •Types of Storage Devices
- •Magnetic Storage Devices
- •Unit 3. Operating System
- •Types of Operating Systems
- •Windows xp
- •Brief History of Linux
- •Unit 4. Application Software
- •Word Processing Software
- •Desktop Publishing Software
- •Spreadsheet Software
- •Database Management System
- •Presentation Programs
- •Managing the Small or Home Office
- •Working With Images Computer Platforms Used for Graphics
- •Types of Graphics Files
- •Getting Images Into Your Computer
- •Graphics Software
- •Digital Photography
- •Photography the Old Way
- •Multimedia
- •Creating and Distributing New Media Content
- •Technologies That Support New Media
- •Distributing New Media Content
- •Virtual Reality
- •Uses for Virtual Reality
- •Vr Hardware and Software
- •Pc As an Entertainment Center
- •Utility Software
- •Unit 5. Processor and Memory cpUs Used in Personal Computers
- •Universal Serial Bus (usb)
- •Musical Computers
- •Flash Memory and Cache Memory Flash Memory
- •Cache Memory
- •Memory and Computing Power
- •Unit 6. Programming
- •Visual Programming
- •Fourth-generation Programming Languages
- •Artificial Intelligence
- •Some Examples of ai Techniques
- •Building an Artificial Brain
- •Unit 7. Networks and the Internet Networking at Home and Around the World Data Communications Over Standard Telephone Lines
- •Networks in the Home
- •Isdn, t1, and t3
- •Dsl Technologies
- •Avoiding a Tangled Mess
- •From the History of the Internet
- •Getting Online, Working Online Accessing the Internet
- •Connecting a pc to the Internet
- •Commerce on the World Wide Web
- •Getting Published on the Internet
- •Minding Your Manners Online
- •Graphics Piracy on the Internet
- •Ignorance Is No Excuse
- •Staying Out of Trouble
- •Freebies on the Web
- •Personal Web Pages
- •Unit 8. Information Security Protecting Your Online Privacy
- •Macro Viruses
- •Viruses That Do Not Require Attachments
- •Protecting Yourself
- •Vocabulary
- •Литература:
- •Содержание Part I Computer Basics
Network Topologies
I. Read and translate the text:
A topology is the physical layout of the cables and devices that connect the nodes of a network. The three basic topologies are bus, star, and ring. These topologies are so named because of the shape of the network they create. The less common type of physical topology is the mesh topology. The bus network uses a single conduit to which all the network nodes and peripheral devices are attached. Each node is connected in series to a single cable. At the cable's start and end points, a special device called a terminator is attached. A terminator stops the network signals so they do not bounce back down the cable.
The star network is the most common topology in use today. In a star network, a device called a hub is placed in the center of the network; that is, all nodes are connected to the central hub and communicate through it. Groups of data are routed through the hub and sent to all the attached nodes, thus eventually reaching their destinations. Some hubs known as intelligent hubs can monitor traffic and help prevent collisions. In a star topology, a broken connection (between a node and the hub) does not affect the rest of the network. If you lose the hub, however, all nodes connected to that hub are unable to communicate.
The ring topology connects the nodes of the network in a circular chain, with each node connected to the next. The final node in the chain connects to the first to complete the ring. With this methodology, each node examines data sent through the ring. If the data known as a token is not addressed to the node examining it, that node passes it along to the next node in the ring.
The mesh topology is the least used network topology and the most expensive to implement. In a mesh environment, a cable runs from every computer to every other computer. If you have four computers, you must have six cables – three coming from each computer to the other computers. The big advantage to this arrangement is that data can never fail to be delivered; if one connection goes down, there are other ways to route the data to its destination. The mesh topology is used for connecting routers on the Internet to make sure that data always gets through.
Vocabulary:
topology [tq'poloGi] – топология сети
layout ['lei'aut] – расположение, схема расположения
cable ['keibl] – кабель
bus [bAs] – шина
star [stR] – звезда
ring [riN] – кольцо
shape [Seip] – форма
mesh [meS] – петля, ячейка, сетка
conduit ['kond(ju)it] – канал
in series [in'siqriqs] – последовательно
terminator ['tq:mineitq] – терминатор, заглушка
to bounce [bauns] – зд. возвращаться
hub [hAb] – концентратор, ядро сети
to monitor ['monitq] – осуществлять текущий контроль, контролировать
traffic ['trxfik] – поток данных в сети, трафик
to prevent [pri'vent] – предотвращать, мешать
collision [kq'liZn] – столкновение
to affect [q'fekt] – влиять
to be unable ['An'eibl] – быть не способным
circular ['sq:kjulq] – круговой
chain [tSein] – цепь
to complete [kqm'pli:t] – завершать
to examine [ig'zxmin]– исследовать, рассматривать
token ['tqukqn] – маркер, метка
to address [q'dres] – адресовать
expensive [iks'pensiv] – дорогостоящий
to implement ['impliment] – разрабатывать, внедрять, реализовывать
environment [in'vaiqrqnmqnt] – конфигурация сети
to run [rAn] – тянуться
advantage [qd'vRntiG] – преимущество
arrangement [q'reinGmqnt] – размещение, расположение
to fail [feil] – повреждаться, давать сбой
to deliver [di'livq] – доставлять
to go down [gqu 'daun] (went, gone) – зд. разрываться
to route [ru:t] – передавать, направлять
to make sure [meik 'Suq] – убедиться, удостовериться
to get through [get 'Tru:] (got, got) – проходить
II. Answer the questions:
What is a topology?
What are the basic topologies?
Why are they so called?
What is the bus network?
What is a terminator used for?
What is the most common topology in use today?
How is the star network organized?
How do the groups of data reach their destinations?
What tasks do intelligent hubs perform?
Characterize the ring topology.
What happens if the data is not addressed to the node examining it?
How are computers connected in the mesh topology?
What is the advantage of the mesh topology?
What is the mesh topology used for?
III. Tell whether the following statements are true or false:
There are five basic network topologies.
In the bus network each node is connected in series to a single cable.
In the star network all nodes are connected to the terminator and communicate through it.
A terminator stops the network signals so they do not bounce back down the cable.
In the star network groups of data are routed through the hub and sent to all the nodes.
A broken connection in a star topology does not affect the rest of the network.
In the ring topology the nodes are connected in a circular chain, with each node connected to the next.
In the ring topology if the data is not addressed to the node examining it, that node passes it along to the next node in the ring.
The mesh topology is the most widely used network topology.
The mesh topology is used for connecting routers on the Internet.
IV. Fill in the blanks:
There are the following network topologies: _________, _________, and _________.
The _________ uses a single conduit to which all the network nodes and peripheral devices are attached.
The bus network uses a device called a (an) _________ for stopping the network signals.
In the star network all nodes are connected to the ________ and communicate through it.
Some intelligent hubs can _______ traffic and help prevent _______.
If the hub is ________, all nodes connected to that hub are unable to communicate.
In the ring network, a ________ is sent through the ring from one computer to the next, until it reaches its destination.
With the mesh topology, if one connection goes down, there are other ways to route the data to its ________.
V. Choose the right answer:
1. Bus, ring, and mesh are examples of
a. Network protocols c. Network topologies
b. Network interface cards d. All the above
2. In a star-topology network, all computers connect to a central device called a
Server c. Hub
Router d. Gateway
3. Which is the biggest advantage of a mesh-topology network?
It is the most expensive to implement
b. It requires two cables for every computer
c. It never fails to deliver data
d. It is a good way to connect to the Internet
4. A terminator stops the network signals in the
Bus network c. Ring network
Star network d. All the above
5. The star network is
The most expensive topology c. The least common topology
The most common topology d. The cheapest topology
A device called a hub is placed in the center of the
Ring network c. Star network
Mesh network d. All the above
This network topology allows to pass a token from node to node.
Mesh network c. Bus network
Star network d. None of the above
In the star network all the nodes are connected to it.
Terminator c. Cable
Token d. Hub
VI. Match each item to the correct statement below:
Bus c. Ring
Star d. Mesh
The most expensive topology.
Uses a single conduit.
Requires a hub.
Passes a token from node to node.
Uses terminators.
The most common topology.
Hub c. Conduit
Terminator d. Token
Data passed through the ring network.
Device for stopping network signals.
All the network nodes and peripheral devices are attached to it.
Device placed in the center or the star network.
VII. Speak on the contents of the text using the following chart:
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