Ermolaeva_L_D_Ekonomika_i_biznes_1

Министерство образования Российской Федерации

Владимирский государственный университет

Л.Д. ЕРМОЛАЕВА, Е.Ф. МИНЦ

ЭКОНОМИКА И БИЗНЕС

Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов 1-2-го курсов

заочного и дневного обучения

Владимир, 2000

ББК 65.050: 81.2 Англ. (07)

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Рецензенты:

Кафедра иностранных языков Ковровского технологического института;

Кандидат филологических наук, доцент Владимирского государственного

педагогического университета

Л.Н. Писарева

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета

Владимирского государственного университета.

Ермолаева Л.Д., Минц Е.Ф. Экономика и бизнес: Учеб. пособие по английскому языку для студентов 1-2-го курсов заочного и дневного обучения/; Владим. гос. ун-т. Владимир, 2000. 92 с.

Цель учебного пособия – развитие навыков чтения и устной речи на основе переработки информации оригинальных английских текстов и системы коммуникативно-ориентированных упражнений.

Предназначено в качестве основного материала на занятиях по английскому языку на 1 и 2-м курсах заочного и дневного отделений экономического факультета.

© Владимирский государственный университет, 2000

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Учебное пособие "Экономика и бизнес" предназначено для использования в учебном процессе на втором этапе обучения иностранному языку в университете. Данное пособие имеет практическую направленность. Основной его целью является развитие навыков чтения оригинальной литературы и устной речи. Книга состоит из двух частей: первая часть (блок 1-8) представляет собой набор лексических и грамматических упражнений тренировочного и творческого характера на основе прочитанных оригинальных текстов из английских и американских источников, вторая часть (блок 9-й) - коммуникативные задания, предполагающие дискуссию, комментарии, рассуждения студентов с активным использованием ранее отработанных и усвоенных языковых единиц.

В пособии широко представлена терминология по тематике: структура коммерции, деловые организации, реклама, коммерческие банки, страхование, маркетинг, фондовая биржа и налоги.

Необходимо отметить, что авторы стремились к тому, чтобы студенты получили не только интересную информацию, но смогли высказать собственное мнение, принять самостоятельное решение с тем, чтобы приобретѐнный опыт можно было применить в будущей деятельности.

Авторы благодарят Р.А. Сѐмину, ст. преп. кафедры иностранных языков ВлГУ; А.В. Подстрахову, доцента кафедры иностранных языков ВЮИ; Л.Н. Писареву, доцента кафедры иностранных языков ВГПУ за ценные замечания, высказанные ими в процессе работы над рукописью.

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UNIT I

Grammar: The Passive Voice; Indefinite Tenses

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations.

II. Make nouns by adding suffixes and translate them into Russian:

-er: to retail, to wholesale, to consume, to sell, to produce, to distribute, to manufacture;

-(t)ion/ation: to produce, to distribute, to protect, to construct, to organize.

III. Read the international words and guess their meanings:

service, to summarize, mass production, cycle, banking, transport, supermarket, commercial bank, classify, tourism, electrical machinery, radar, generator.

IV. Refresh your grammar. While translating the sentences distinguish which of the modal verbs and their equivalents express ability, permission, possibility, necessity, obligation and certainty.

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1. The advertisement should be interesting enough to attract attention. 2. If the request must bе refused, a short letter stating the reason for the refusal, should bе written 3. She may bе asked to express her opinion about this story. 4. The goods and raw materials are to bе distributed and sold efficiently. 5. The answer to the letter had to bе sent yesterday. 6. The process can bе summarized bу the Chain of Commerce, such as raw materials – manufacturer – wholesaler – retailer – consumer. 7. Every link in the Chain of Commerce will need the services of banking, transport, insurance and advertising.

V. Restate the following sentences, using the affirmative or negative forms of the expressions of necessity: must, have to, had to.

Pattern: It is necessary for wholesalers to provide prompt delivery of goods. Wholesalers must provide prompt delivery of goods.

1.It is necessary for retailer to know all wholesaling functions.

2.It is necessary for wholesaler to forecast customer‟s demand.

3.It is not necessary for customers to store a large inventory.

4.It was necessary for wholesaler to provide market information for producers.

5.It is necessary for wholesalers to supply price and technical information.

VI. Use the list of modal verbs to give advice or suggestions concerning the situations that follow. Give several pieces of advice or suggestions for each situation.

had better (not) ought (not) should (not) might Pattern: I am short of money.

You ought to get some more money.

You should be more careful in spending money.

You might see if you can get some credit from the bank.

1.My friend is going to set up his own retail shop.

2.Rossana wants to take some credit from the commercial bank.

3.I always buy food in this corner shop.

4.My business has gone bankrupt.

VII. Choose the verbal forms in the Passive Voice:

starts, is concerned, sold, distribute, are summarized, will call, display, was made, will be distributed, manufacture, is called, were stored, sells, advertize, will be needed, will deal, are classified, produced.

VIII. Read and translate the sеntences paying attention to the use of Indefinite Tenses in the Passive Voice.

I. These services are called the Services of Commerce. 2. These raw materials will bе made into finished goods in some days. 3. A market research was carried out last month. 4. The students will be asked questions about the structure of

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Commerce at the seminar tomorrow. 5. The results of market research were carefully analyzed two days ago. 6. Commerce is concerned with the production and distribution of goods. 7. A new product will be manufactured next week.

TEXT A

THE STRUCTURE OF COMMERCE

Commerce is the process that is concerned with the production and distribution of goods and the providing of services. The process can be summarized by the Chain of Commerce:

raw materials → manufacturer → wholesaler → retailer → consumer.

The production of goods starts at the raw material stage. These raw materials are made into finished goods by our factories. This process is called manufacturing. There are three kinds of manufacturing: unit production, batch production and mass production (fig.1).

Figure 1. Distribution channels

The next stage in the cycle is the wholesaler, whose principal task is to store the goods, usually in large quantities and in many varieties. The wholesaler sells the goods to the retailers, who display the goods and sell them to consumers. Retail shops may be large, such as a supermarket or department store, or small, as in the case of corner shop.

If the goods and the raw materials are to be distributed and sold efficiently the services of banking, transport, insurance and advertising will be needed by every link in the Chain of Commerce, from raw materials stage to the consumer stage. These services are called the Aids to Trade (or sometimes the Services of Commerce).

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Manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers deal mostly with the commercial banks.

There are three main kinds of transport: land, sea and air. Insurance is a financial protection against an event, which may happen. Advertising also plays a very important part in commerce. The main industries may be classified as:

Manufacturing industries produce heavy electrical and mechanical machinery, motor vehicles, oil, clothing, radar equipment, defence equipment, aircraft, etc.

Extracting industries are coal mining, oil drilling, gold mining, tin mining, etc. Construction industries are concerned with the building of houses, shops and

factories.

IX. Arrange in pairs the words, which are close in meaning:

To be concerned with, production, to start, to be called, kind, to deal with, to begin, principal, aid, to be named, construction, commerce, help, main, type, manufacture, building, trade.

X. Complete the following statements using the information of the text.

1.The production of goods starts at the r... m... stage.

2.Goods made by the factories are called f... goods.

3.The principal task of the wholesaler is to s ... the goods in l... quantities.

4.One example of a large retail shop is a s... .

5.Banking, transport, insurance and advertising are known as the A… to T.. .

6.Oil drilling is an example of an e... industry.

7.The three types of transport method are 1..., s... and a ... .

XI. Choose the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets.

1.The goods (will be/are/were displayed and sold) to consumers by retailers.

2.A new large and modern supermarket (is/was/will be opened) in our street next week.

3.Heavy electrical and mechanical machinery (was/is/will be produced) by manufacturing industries.

4.The main industries (were/will be/are classified) into manufacturing, extractive, construction, agriculture and etc.

5.The problems concerned with the structure of commerce (will be/were/are discussed) at the seminar last week.

6.My shop (was/is/will be insured) against an event two years ago.

XII. Adding should, ought to, must, can, form passive sentences from the following сues.

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Pattern: Goods/ distribute efficiently.

Goods ought to be distributed efficiently.

1)all Chains of Commerce / protect against an event

2)large stocks / carry in warehouses

3)a market research / carry out scientifically

4)customer‟s demand in the market / forecast

XIII. Change the following sentences to the Passive Voice, omitting the doer of the action when it is not necessary.

1. The wholesaler sells the goods to the retailer. 2.The retailer displayed the new goods and sold them quickly yesterday. 3. We shall need the services of banking, transport insurance and advertising from raw material stage to the consumer stage. 4. Manufacturing industries increased their production of motor vehicles, oil, clothing and different equipment last year. 5. We call the services of banking, transport, insurance and advertising as Aids to Trade. 6. Our factories will make these raw materials into finished goods in some days.

XIV. Put questions to the sentences:

a)expressing doubt;

b)asking for special information.

Pattern: The Companies Act was changed in 1980. Was the Companies Act changed in 1980?

The Companies Act was changed in 1980, wasn‟t it? When was the Companies Act changed?

1.Valuable services are given to all kinds of business by the Aids to Trade.

2.A seasonal sale will be arranged in the near-by supermarket.

3.All products were classified into two types: consumer products and industrial products.

XV. Choose the answer on the basis of the information you derived from the text.

1. Which of the following is an extractive industry?

2. Which of the following is the best definition of commerce?

a. buying and selling; c. the extraction and making of raw materials;

d. the services of banking and advertising.

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XVI. Answer the questions using the information of the text A.

1.What are raw materials?

2.What raw materials do you know?

3.What three types of manufacturing processes can you name?

4.What are „raw materials‟ made into?

5.What is the main job of the wholesaler?

6.What is insurance and how does it help the firm?

7.What is the chain of events, which lead to the selling of goods to the consumer?

8.What services are called the Aids to Trade?

9.Whom do the commercial banks deal with?

10.How are the main industries classified?

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XVII. Distribution channels are often classified by how many levels of intermediaries they contain. Figure one shows several cases.

1. Look at the figure and say:

How many levels of consumer distribution channels exist? And what are they?

2. Relate the goods given below to the type of channel through which they can be distributed.

Industrial goods Automobiles Convenience goods Groceries

XVIII. Solve the problem through group discussion. In pairs or small groups discuss the situation given below, saying why you disagree with a man and explaining how the Aids to Trade give valuable services to all kinds of business.

A man who has recently set up his own retail shop in a small town tells his friend that he is not going to use banks, the Insurance services, advertising services or transport because he thinks they are a waste of money.

TEXT В

I. Read the following text and try to understand as much as possible of its con tents, summarize it in Russian.

WHAT IS A WHOLESALER?

It is hard to define what a wholesaler is because there are so many different wholesalers doing different jobs. Some, by their activities may even seem like manufacturing. As a result, some wholesalers call themselves “manufacture and dealer”. Some like to identify themselves with such general terms as merchant, jobber, dealer, or distributor. And others just use the name that is commonly used in their trade-without really thinking what it means.

We will use the US Burea of the Census definition:

“Wholesaling is concerned with activities of those persons or establishments which sell to retailers and other merchants, and/or to industrial, institutional, and commercial users, but who do not sell in large amounts to final consumers”.

Wholesalers may perform certain functions for both their suppliers and wholesalers‟ own customers – in short, for those above and below them in the channel. These wholesaling functions really are variations of the basic marketing

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