What is heart revascularization?

A relatively new kind of treatment is called heart revascularization. These procedures are sometimes used in people for whom other treatments haven’t worked well or can’t be used. They can be done through surgery or by using a catheter, as in angioplasty. A laser or a needle is used to make tiny holes or channels in the heart muscle. This seems to promote the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) that help provide blood to the heart muscle.

Занятие № 6.

1.Тема: «Angina Pectoris.Treatment»

2.Значение изучения темы – смертность по причине сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний повышается в современном мире. Поэтому очень важно проследить причинно-следственные связи этих актуальных заболеваний.

3.Цели занятия: на основе теоретических знаний и практических умений обучающийся должен уметь составлять диалог, уметь реферировать текст, заполнять терминологическую таблицу по теме.

4.План изучения темы:

4.1. Исходный контроль знаний.

Словарный диктант по предыдущей теме «The Diseases of the Coronary Arteries». 4.2.Изучение нового материала.

1. Введение нового грамматического

материала (грам. справочник - стр. 308-309): упр. IV стр.192, упр. XI стр.194, упр. V стр.192, упр. X стр.194.

2.Введение нового лексического материала: упр. VI стр. 193, упр. VII стр.193.

3.Речевое изучающее чтение Text «Angina Pectoris». (см. приложение №1)

5. Основные понятия и положения темы:

Тема: «Angina Pectoris. Treatment»

Angina pectoris - pain in the centre of the chest, which is induced by exercise and relieved by rest and may spread to the jaws and arms.

The pain is frequently described as crushing, located under the breastbone.

There may be faintless, shortless of breath, paleness. Cause: Sudden lack of adequate blood supply to the heart muscle. Treatment: Avoid unusual or preventable stress if possible. Medication is often used to help relieve the symptoms.

Грамматический материал.

- Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)

В английском языке дополнение может состоять из группы. Слов, в состав которой входит существительное или местоимение в косвенном падеже и инфинитив глагола. Такое дополнение называется сложным. На русский язык сложное дополнение переводится придаточным предложением с союзами что, как, чтобы. При этом существительное (местоимение в косвенном падеже) становится подлежащим русского придаточного предложения, а инфинитив—сказуемым.

- I know this surgeon (him) to operate on successfully. Я знаю, что этот хирург (он) оперирует успешно. - I want you to come at 5. Я хочу, чтобы вы пришли в 5 часов.

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- Сложное дополнение употребляется после глаголов:

а) выражающих желание: to want хотеть; to wish, to desire желать; should like, would like хотел бы;

б) выражающих предположение: to expect ожидать; to think думать; to believe полагать; считать; to suppose полагать; to consider считать; to find находить, признавать;

в) выражающих приказание, просьбу, разрешение: to order, to command приказывать; to ask просить; to allow разрешать и др.

- Сложное дополнение также употребляется после глаголов, выражающих чувственное восприятие: to see видеть', to hear слышать', to notice замечать, to feel чувствовать; to watch (to observe) наблюдать и др. В этом случае в следующей за ними конструкции сложного дополнения частица to перед глаголом не употребляется: I felt the pain become less. Я почувствовал, что боль стала меньше.

Примечание. После глаголов to force, to make в значении заставлять, принуждать частица to тоже опускается: The doctor made the patient lie down.Врач заставил больного лечь.

6.Задания для уяснения темы занятия, методики вида деятельности:

6.1.Вопросы для самоподготовки:

1.What is angina pectoris?

2.What is the cause of angina pectoris?

3.What are factors, which can increase the work of the heart?

4.Where does the pain appear?

5.What is the duration of the pain?

6.What character does the pain have?

7.What drugs are used to relieve the pain?

8.What are the types of angina?

9.What are the main drugs for treating angina pectoris?

6.2. Тестовые задания по теме.

I. Упр. XIII стр. 195 II. Make your choice.

6.3. Ситуационные задачи по теме: (упр. XIII стр. 203.)

Read the pairs of sentences and answer the questions supplying your explanations:

1.The young cardiologist has been investigating the character of heart defects since the beginning of the year. Doctor Sviridov is investigating the character of heart defects. Кто из них начал раньше заниматься исследованием?

2.My mother has been followed up at the polyclinic since the time she was discharged from the clinic. My father is followed up at the polyclinic to prevent the recurrence of the

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disease. За кем из них наблюдение по поводу отдаленных результатов начато раньше.

7. Список тем по УИРС, УИР:

«новые методы лечения , используемые при стенокардии»

Приложение №1

Angina Pectoris.Treatment

•Angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart muscle does not get enough blood. Angina may feel like pressure or a squeezing pain in your chest. The pain may also occur in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.

•Most people with angina have coronary artery disease, with narrowed arteries due to atherosclerosis. When arteries are narrowed, blood flow to the heart is reduced.

•The most common types of angina are stable angina and unstable angina. A less common type of angina is called variant angina.

•Stable angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart is working harder than usual. Pain from stable angina goes away when you rest or take your angina medicine. Angina medicine, such as nitroglycerin, helps widen and relax the arteries so that more blood can flow to the heart.

•Unstable angina is a very dangerous condition that requires emergency treatment. Unstable angina is a sign that a heart attack could occur soon. Unstable angina can occur without physical exertion. It is not relieved by rest or medicine.

•Variant angina is caused by a spasm in a coronary artery. The spasm causes the walls of the artery to tighten. This narrowing of the artery slows or stops blood flow to the heart.

•The immediate cause of angina pectoris is believed to be myocardial ischemia. A coronary artery which has been narrowed by an atherosclerotic plaque may allow enough blood to pass through it to satisfy the demands of the myocardium during rest and during mild activity. If cardiac work should increase beyond a certain threshold level, however, a disproportion between available blood on the one hand and the work of the heart on the other is created and myocardial ischemia is the result. Angina pectoris is the subjective manifestation of this myocardial ischemia, and it will last until cardiac demands again fall to the level which can be satisfied by the coronary blood flow available. In addition to physical effort, the work of the heart can be increased by eating a meal, by emotional disturbances, and by peripheral vasospasm such as that which occurs on exposure to a cold atmosphere. Hence after a meal, during an emotional upset or in cold weather, angina pectoris occurs with less physical effort than would otherwise be the case. Obesity also adds to the work of the heart because of the greater demand for blood to nourish the extra fat, and of the greater amount of effort necessary to carry this extra weight.

•Doctors diagnose angina based on your health history, your family's health history, a physical exam, and the results of various tests.

•Angina is usually treated with medicines such as nitrates (nitroglycerin). People with angina may need to take other medicines to lower their blood pressure or cholesterol. They also may take medicine to prevent blood clots.

•To prevent and treat angina, it is important to make changes to improve your health. Get regular physical activity, maintain a healthy weight, don't smoke, and eat a healthy

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