- •English For Philology Students
- •Introduction (предисловие)
- •Acknowledgement
- •Introductory Course. (Вводный курс) The Noun. Personal, Possessive and Demonstrative Pronouns
- •Personal, Possessive and Demonstrative Pronouns
- •The Verbs Be, Have
- •I was a student last year.
- •I shall be a student next year.
- •The Indefinite Pronouns Some, Any, No
- •Sentences, introduced by there is/are. Few, little, much, many
- •The Adjective. Degrees of Comparison
- •Great Britain
- •Present, Past and Future Simple Tense
- •Vote want win become get be promote
- •The Importance of Learning Languages
- •The United States of America
- •Conversational formulas Meeting people
- •Main Course Unit 1 Languages. The English Language
- •Emphatic construction
- •It is (was) … that (who, which, where, etc.) …
- •It is (was) not until (till) … that …
- •English as a World Language
- •Agreement
- •Disagreement
- •The Germanic and French Influence
- •What is Good English?
- •Varieties of English
- •Some Specific Features of American English
- •Dialects of English
- •Conversational formulas Opinion
- •Word Formation
- •Verb Noun
- •Grammar Simple Tenses
- •It’s Interesting to Know Dying Languages
- •Map of uk Accents
- •Independent Reading
- •The English language
- •Standard English
- •The Origins of English
- •Britain’s Languages
- •English The World’s Biggest Brand
- •Imagine a brand bigger than Nike, bigger than Gap, bigger than Coca-Cola. Imagine a brand used by 1.5 billion people the world over.
- •Tireless Champion of American English
- •Translation Practice
- •Key Vocabulary
- •Unit 2 Universities. Kemerovo State University
- •What Are Universities For?
- •The Indefinite Pronoun “one” as a Subject
- •Needs of Universities
- •Kemerovo State University
- •St. Petersburg University
- •The Faculty of Philology and Journalism
- •Believe It You Can Achieve It Welcome to Your Future
- •Study High World Technologies in Russia
- •Conversational Formulas Requests
- •Possible replies
- •Word Formation
- •Grammar Progressive Tenses
- •It’s Interesting to Know Campus Fashion
- •Independent Reading
- •The First Universities
- •Cambridge
- •British Universities
- •Would you Like to Be a Teacher?
- •Alcot University
- •Translation Practice
- •Международный день студента
- •Тульские студенты получат потанинскую стипендию
- •Key Vocabulary
- •Unit 3. Higher Education in the English-speaking Countries
- •Is Higher Education Right For You?
- •Correlative Conjunctions
- •Higher Education in Great Britain
- •Further Education in Great Britain
- •Higher Educational Institutions of Great Britain
- •Further Education Colleges
- •Conversational Formulas Discussion
- •Word Formation
- •Grammar Perfect Tenses
- •It’s Interesting to Know Degrees
- •Independent Reading
- •What Is Higher Education All About?
- •Studying and Social Life
- •Universities in Transition
- •Translation Practice
- •Дистанционное образование
- •Key Vocabulary
- •Grammar Support
- •Существительное (The Noun)
- •Правила образования множественного числа английских исчисляемых существительных.
- •Притяжательный падеж существительных
- •Местоимение (The Pronoun)
- •Прилагательное (The Adjective)
- •Правила образования степеней сравнения прилагательных.
- •Глагол (The Verb)
- •Спряжение глаголов be, have
- •Система времен английского глагола Настоящее простое время. (The Present Simple Tense).
- •Правила правописания и произношения глаголов в 3-м лице единственного числа.
- •Простое прошедшее время (The Past Simple Tense)
- •Будущее простое время (The Future Simple Tense)
- •Настоящее продолженное время (The Present Progressive Tense)
- •Правила правописания Причастия 1
- •Прошедшее продолженное время (The Past Progressive Tense)
- •Будущее продолженное время (The Future Progressive Tense)
- •Настоящее совершенное время (The Present Perfect Tense)
- •Прошедшее совершенное время (The Past Perfect Tense)
- •Будущее совершенное время (The Future Perfect Tense)
- •Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •Примеры преобразования действительного залога в страдательный
- •References
It’s Interesting to Know Dying Languages
There are approximately 6,000 languages spoken in the world today, but many of these are quickly dying out. (A language is described as “dead” when there are no native speakers left.)
On the island of New Guinea, 3 million people speak a total of 740 languages between them. Even more amazingly, there are perhaps 260 Australian Aborigine languages, spoken by a total of only 450,000 people. Most of these languages are spoken by no more than a few hundred people, and with each generation the number of speakers decreases. Sadly, some Papuan and Aborigine languages may already be dead, and others will certainly die soon.
Map of uk Accents
Different places in the UK have different accents. Look through the examples to get familiar with some of them.
Place: Dundee
Accent: Dundonian
Example: “Am awa up the street fur the messages.”
Translation: “I’m going down the road to buy some food.”
Example: “I dinna ken.”
Translation: “I don’t know”
Place: Glasgow
Accent: Glaswegian
Example: “Aye nae bother.”
Translation: “It’s not a problem/ Don’t worry about it.”
Example: Dae ye wanna swallay?”
Translation: “Would you like a drink?”
Place: Newcastle + Tyneside
Accent: Geordie
Example: “Whey aye man! I’m clamming for a drink n it’s almost hoyin’ oot time.”
Translation: “Hi! I really need a drink and it’s almost time for last orders.”
Place: Manchester
Accent: Mancunian
Example: “I went on t’internet and got meself some gig tickets. After we went on the razz n got tanked up. Was a right proper top night.”
Translation: “I got myself some tickets for a concert. After the concert we went out drinking and got very drunk. It was a great night.”
Place: Liverpool
Accent: Scouse/ Liverpudlian
Example: “Ah, me ma had a right cob on when I went home cos me pa forgot to pay the lecky.”
Translation: “My mother was angry when I went home because my father had forgotten to pay the electricity bill.”
Place: Birmingham
Accent: Brummie
Example: “Oy kwoyt loik it.”
Translation: “I quite like it.”
Place: Rhonda
Accent: Welsh
Example: “Y’not from round hyer?”
Translation: “You’re not from around here, are you?”
Example: “Right, I’ll be there in a minute like.”
Translation: “I’ll be there in a minute.”
Place: London
Accent: Cockney
Example: “Oi mate, have a butchers at the barnet on ‘erl!”
Translation: “Look at that girl’s hair!”
Independent Reading
Read the following text, divide it into parts and entitle each of them. Write a short summary.
The English language
Where did English come from? The obvious answer is England. However, in the past two thousand years very many people came to England and changed the language. Perhaps most of the language comes from the Anglo-Saxons who came to England in the fifth to the seventh centuries. But there are also Roman words from the time when England was a part of the Roman Empire: the ending – “chester” in the name of an English town comes from the Latin word “castra” and shows that there was a Roman town there. The Vikings brought many words with them, such as “they” and “their”; the Normans governed England for many years and brought French words with them. Then the English brought many words from different countries – “kangaroo” from Australia, “pyjamas” from India, and “anorak” from Canada.
But what is English now? It is no longer spoken just in England and there are many different kinds of English in different parts of the world. In a book, Peter Strevens gives the following diagram: