Agreement

I(quite)agreewithyou– (Полностью) с вами согласен.

So do (am/ have/ can) I – И я тоже.

Isupposeso– Мне так кажется.

Ithinkso– Я так полагаю.

Fullyagreewithyou– Совершенно с вами согласен.

Naturally– Естественно.

Exactly– Совершенно верно.

Surely– Конечно.

Quiteso– Именно так.

Right you are – Вы правы.

That’s right – Правильно.

Disagreement

Idon’tthinkso– Я думаю, что нет.

Idon’tagree/disagree– Я так не считаю.

Ican’tagree– Я не могу согласиться.

I am afraid that it is not so – Боюсь, что это не так.

I think you are wrong – Думаю, Вы не правы.

Certainly not/ Surely not - Конечно, нет.

1. People in our country study foreign languages to read books.

2. English is the major language of diplomacy.

3. English is spoken as a second language in Germany.

4. A lot of educated people all over the world want to know as many foreign languages as possible.

5. It is necessary for any good specialist to study a foreign language.

6. English came from Denmark.

7. English is a difficult language to learn.

8. Modern English like modern German, Russian, French and Greek has many inflections to show singular and plural, tense, person, etc.

9. There are some Roman words in English from the time when England was a part of the Roman Empire.

10. Read the text and find the answers for the following questions:

1. What is the origin of the English language?

2. What Anglo-Saxon words can you find in modern English? What kind of things do they denote?

3. How did English get words of Latin origin?

4. What is the difference in meaning between the words of Latin and Germanic origin?

5. Why do the names of meat and animals differ in the English language?

The Germanic and French Influence

The Anglo-Saxons, who invaded England in AD350, came from Germany, Denmark and Holland. They spoke a Germanic language which became the basis of Old English. Even today, words used in modern English for ordinary objects are mostly Anglo-Saxon, or Germanic, in origin. Germanic languages, such as Danish, German, Norwegian and Swedish, have very similar words for the objects mentioned below. Words of Germanic origin are usually short (often just one syllable) and tend to be informal in modern English:

shoe, clothes, earth, sun, moon, day, man, wife, child, friend, house, food, water, sleep, love, say, live, have, be, work.

English also has many similarities with Romance languages, whose origin is Latin. The words below came to England with the French-speaking Normans. Notice that the words are associated with power: Norman-French was used as the language of government. Words of Latin origin are usually longer than words of Germanic origin and often have a more formal meaning in English than in the original Romance language:

government, parliament, judge, court, legal, military, army, crown, nation, state, country, power, authority, people.

Norman-French words did not enter English immediately. When the Normans invaded in 1066, ordinary people still spoke Old English.

Imagine a Norman feast. The English would look after the animals and cook the meat, still calling the animals by their Old English names. The Normans, when they saw the cooked meat arrive at the table, would use French ones. This explains why The English language now has different words for animals and meats.

ANIMAL		MEAT
Anglo-Saxon	Modern English	French	Modern English
pigga	pig	porc	pork
scep	sheep	mouton	mutton
cu	cow	boeuf	beef

11. Read the texts and answer the following questions:

1. How many varieties of English can you spot?

2. What is “good” English?

3. What kind of people speak it?

4. What are the differences between varieties of English?

5. Does your native language have the same varieties?