1. The nurse ... (to make) intravenous injections instead of intra­muscular ones.

2. The cardiologist ... (to take) an electrocardiogram as soon as pos­sible.

3. The*surgeon ... (to perform) an immediate operation.

4. The stomatologist ... (to extract) a carious tooth as it was too late to fill it.

6. Combine these two sentences into one using: after, as soon as, if, until. Make all necessary transformations.

   1. You will be discharged. You feel better.

   2. The patient will recover. He will follow a perscribed treatment.

   3. The physician will administer a proper treatment. He will make an initial diagnosis.

   4. You will be in the hospital. You will undergo a course of treatment.

7. Choose the proper answer.

   1. What is called pulmonary circulation?

      1. the circulation of blood from the body organs to the heart and back again;

      2. the circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.

   2. Where does the left ventricle discharge out the blood?

      1. to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries;

      2. to the systemic circulation through the aorta.

   3. What are the arteries characterized by?

      1. carry blood away from the heart;

      2. carry deoxygenated blood.

         12. Render the content of the dialogue in Indirect Speach.

Doctor: What's troubling you? Patient: I have pain in the substernal area? Doctor: When does it appear first? Patient: Some days ago.

Doctor: Let me listen to your heart. Strip to the waist, please.

Now will you breathe deeply. Once again, take another deep breath. Does your pain radiate to your shoulder and arm?

Patient: I won't say so. But I feel a slight pain just here, in the left side.

Doctor: It is necessary to take the electrocardiogram to clear out your diagnosis. Don't be excited, calm down. You'll be again soon.

12. Do you know that:

normocardia - heart rate 60-100 beats/min;

tachycardia - a heart rate that exceeds 100 beats/min;

bradycardia - a heart rate of less than 60 beats/min.

12. Remember the following proverbs:

    1. There is no royal road to learning.

    2. Know your own faults before blaming others for theirs.

Text 2

PRIMARY HYPERTENSION

Primary hypertension frequently is present for many years without symptoms or signs other than an elevated blood pressure.. In the majori­ty of cases, increased blood pressure first appears during early adult life. Most patients complain of fatigue, nervousness, dizziness, palpitation, insomnia and headaches at some time in the course of the disorder. These symptoms are common and therefore should not be attributed routinely to the hypertensive state.

Cardiac hypertrophy is common and ECG changes - left ventricular strain patterns, and evidence of myocardial damage-may appear. Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction due to coronary artery disease are fre­quent complications, while congestive failure may occur as a result of coronary insufficiency, or cardiac hypertrophy, or both factors in combi­nation.

Cerebral vascular accidents may take place as a result of arterioscle­rotic thrombosis or hemorrhage. Epistaxis and menorrhagia are not uncommon, but hemorrhage from the internal sites is rare.

fcetffial abnormalities, secondary to sclerotic vascular changes, include arteriovenous compression, hemorrhages, exudates, or papil­ledema. Acute recurrent attacks of convulsions, severe headaches, vom­iting and mental changes occur infrequently. These manifestations are termed "hypertensive encephalopathy" and probably are due to cerebral edema.

Polyuria, nocturia, diminished ability of the kidney to concentrate urine, proteinuria, cylindruria and nitrogen retention may eventually develop as a result of arteriolar nephrosclerosis:

The malignant form of hypertension should be suspected when there is rapidly progressive renal damage, usually associated with diastolic pressure and often retinopathy and papilledema.

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