- •Башкирский государственный аграрный университет r.A. Yusupova, l.F. Kharisova English for agronomists
- •Soil Active vocabulary
- •Text 1 Agronomy
- •1.4 Translate the following words having the same stem. Check your translation with the help of a dictionary:
- •1.5 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •Agronomy cars
- •1.6 Answer the questions to the text.
- •Text 2 What is soil?
- •2.3 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •2.6 Answer the following questions:
- •2.7 Read the text without a dictionary. Try to catch its main idea.
- •Text 3 Soil formation
- •3.4 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •Text 4 Soil Physics
- •4.3 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •4.4 Give English equivalents:
- •4.5 Answer the following questions:
- •4.6 Say if these statements are correct:
- •Text 5 Soil chemistry
- •5.4 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •Text 6 Living Soil
- •6.4 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •Soil Food Web Model in picture form
- •6.6 Fill in the gaps using the words given below the text:
- •Text 7 Soil fertility
- •7.3 Read and translate the text with the help of dictionary.
- •7.5 Find the paragraph speaking about results of applying too much fertilizers. Discuss it.
- •7.6 Fill in the gaps using the words given below the text:
- •Text 8 Soil Classification
- •8.3 Read the following pairs of words and translate them:
- •8.4 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •8.6 Render the text into Russian using no dictionary:
- •Text 9 Soil Zones
- •9.3 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •9.5 Choose the right statement:
- •9.6 Fill in the gaps using the words given below the text:
- •Unit VI Soil chemistry Active vocabulary
- •Text 1 Chemical Properties of Soil
- •1.3 Translate the following sentences; pay attention to grammar
- •1.4 Read and translate the text with a dictionary
- •1.5 Choose the proper definition from the right column
- •1.6 Translate the following words having the same stem.
- •1.7 Answer the following questions
- •1.8 Explain the meaning of the symbol “ph”.
- •1.9 Explain the terms “acid soils” and “alkaline soils” in English.
- •1.10 Read the following text and briefly retell it. Plant Foods in the Soil.
- •Text 2 Organic Matter in the Soil
- •2.3 Say it in Russian
- •2.4 Translate the following sentences; pay attention to the grammar
- •2.5 Read and translate the text with a dictionary
- •2.6 Fill in gaps using following words: decomposition, undecomposed, decomposing, decomposed
- •In land-applied biosolids, a portion of ammonium
- •2.12 Read the following text without dictionary and say what a new information you’ve got
- •Text 3 Fertilization
- •3.3 Say it in Russian
- •3.4 Translate the following sentences; pay attention to the grammar
- •3.5 Read and translate the text with a dictionary
- •3.6 Say it in English
- •3.7 Choose the correct statements from the following ones:
- •3.8 Find the paragraphs speaking about results of applying complex fertilizers.
- •3.9 Make an annotation of the text “Fertilization”.
- •3.10 Read the following text without dictionary. Title the text.
- •Text 4 Environmental Problems
- •4.4 Read and translate the following texts with the help of a dictionary. Part 1
- •Part 2 Acid rains
- •Part 3 Harmful effects of pesticides
- •4.5 Answer the questions to the text.
- •4.6 Match the words with the definitions:
- •4.7 Fill in the gaps using the words given below the text:
- •Text 5 Organic agriculture
- •5.3 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •5.5 Answer the questions to the text.
- •5.6 Translate the following words having the same stem. Check your translation with the help of a dictionary:
- •Text 6 Organic practices and species diversity
- •6.4 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •6.5 Answer the questions to the text.
- •6.6 Say if these statements are false or true:
- •Vocabulary
- •Библиографический список
- •Содержание
9.5 Choose the right statement:
1) The darker the soil, the less organic matter is present in it.
Lack of moisture is the main limiting factor in crop growing.
High wind speed is a concern in soil erosion.
Dark colour of soil depends on the present oxidized iron.
The abundance of vegetation adds more organic matter to the soil.
Gray soils are less fertile than black soils.
Forest soils are the best for the crop production.
9.6 Fill in the gaps using the words given below the text:
In practical farming, the two main types of … are light soils and heavy soils. … soils are easy to work, need less … to cultivate, can be worked at most times of the year, and do not hold water so much. Sands and gravels belong to this group. … soils are more difficult to work, need much more power … , can only be worked at certain times when they are in the proper condition, and hold water. They are usually more … and grow heavier crops. Heavy soils usually contain much … .
Heavy, soil, to cultivate, productive, light, clay, power.
Unit VI Soil chemistry Active vocabulary
acid |
кислый, кислотный |
alkaline |
щелочной |
artificial |
искусственный |
to avoid |
избегать |
to apply |
вносить, применять |
to contain |
содержать |
compounds |
смесь, соединение |
contaminant |
загрязнитель |
to decompose |
разлагаться, гнить |
deficiency |
недостаток, нехватка |
environment |
окружающая среда |
essential |
существенный, необходимый |
fertilizer |
удобрение |
harmful |
вредный, опасный |
to leach |
выщелачивать, вымывать |
to maintain |
поддерживать, сохранять |
nutrient |
питательное вещество |
nitrogen |
азот |
oxygen |
кислород |
potassium |
калий |
PH value |
кислотно-щелочной баланс |
soluble |
растворимый |
waste |
отбросы, отходы |
to weather |
выветривать(ся), подвергать(ся) атмосферным влияниям |
Text 1 Chemical Properties of Soil
1.1 Read the following international words and translate them: climate, elements, deficiency, critical, commercial, opposite, absorb, products, mineral, organic, cultivate, concentration, symbolically, potential, effective.
1.2 Read the following words: oxygen, silicon, aluminium, iron, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, acidity, alkalinity, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydroxyl, ion, ionization, water solution, neutral, molecules, trace elements.
1.3 Translate the following sentences; pay attention to grammar
These have been referred to as trace elements, because the amount present in the soil can neither be estimated nor determined very accurately.
Neutral soils are neither acid nor alkaline.
Most plants, particularly most cultivated crops, will not tolerate a high degree of either acidity or alkalinity.
The hydrogen molecules that have not yet ionized are held to the surfaces of the solid particles of clay and organic matter.