- •Vocabulary
- •1. Read the text. For each statement 1 to 8 below choose a) right, b) wrong or c) doesn’t say. Correct the false statements.
- •2. Match the historical systems of law (1 to 8) to their distinctive characteristics (a to h).
- •3. Make the Comparative and the Superlative forms of the adjectives.
- •5. Complete the sentences with was/wasn’t, were/weren’t and translate them.
- •6. Put the sentences in the Past Simple Tense. Make necessary changes.
- •7. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the Past Simple Tense.
- •8. Transform the following sentences into a) negative sentence, b) yes/no-question, c) or-question, d) tag-question, e) wh-questions and f) subject-question.
- •Vocabulary
- •10. Read text 2 and choose (a), (b) or (c) to answer the questions or complete the statements.
- •11. Match the sentence halves to make appropriate sentences.
- •12. Find the Passive verb forms (Present Simple or Past Simple) and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •13. Choose the proper verb form (Active or Passive).
- •14. Rewrite the sentences, changing the active to the passive and adding by where necessary. Make any other necessary changes.
- •15. Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets (present or past simple active or passive, participle I or II).
- •16. Use the comparative or superlative form of the adjective in brackets. Supply the where necessary.
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •17. Match the legal terms with their definitions.
- •18. Match the verbs 1 to 10 to the nouns that they go with. Make up 5 sentences with any of the collocations.
- •19. Give synonyms. Make up 7 sentences with any of them.
- •20. Replace the underlined parts of the sentences with appropriate words and phrases from the vocabulary lists on pp. 24 and 29.
- •22. Translate the chains of words into Russian. Complete the sentences with appropriate words from each chain.
- •23. Choose the best word to fill each gap from the alternatives given in the box below. There are some words that you don’t need.
- •24. Complete this text with the correct alternatives. Translate the text into Russian in written form.
- •25. Look again at Texts 1 and 2 and answer the questions.
- •26. Translate into English.
- •27. Speak on one of the following topics. Use the words and phrases provided below each topic.
- •1 Early systems of law.
- •2 Roman law and its influence.
- •28. Discuss in groups.
16. Use the comparative or superlative form of the adjective in brackets. Supply the where necessary.
1. London is one of (big) cities of the world. 2. The Volga is (long) than the Thames; it is (long) river in Europe. 3. In primitive societies there were (few) laws than in organized societies. 4. The strong wind made the air (cold) than usual. 5. This mountain is (high) in Europe. 6. Corpus Juris Civilis was (comprehensive) code of Roman law. 7. This plan was (good) of all that I saw. 8. The situation was serious and becoming (serious) every day. 9. John Marshall was one of (important) figure in constitutional law. 10. Summer is (warm) of four seasons. 11. Moscow is (ancient) than St. Petersburg. 12. Fifth Avenue is (famous) shopping center in New York. 13. The English Channel is (wide) than the Straits of Gibraltar. 14. The British Queen is (long) ruling monarch in the world.
Vocabulary Practice
Legal terms and useful non-legal vocabulary
according to (prep) |
в соответствии с, согласно |
adhere to (v) Syn: rely upon, follow |
придерживаться чего-л., следовать чему-л. |
administer (v)
administer justice |
осуществлять, обеспечивать (правосудие, правопорядок и т. п.) отправлять правосудие |
adopt (v) |
1) перенимать; 2) принимать (закон) |
although (conj) |
хотя; несмотря на то, что |
ancient (adj) Syn: old, early |
1) древний; старинный; 2)античный |
apply (v) |
применять |
body of law |
совокупность правовых норм; свод законов |
canon law |
каноническое (церковное) право |
civil law |
гражданское право |
combine (v) Syn: unite |
соединять(ся), объединять(ся) |
common (adj) Syn: general Syn: ordinary |
1) общий, всеобщий
2) обыкновенный, простой |
common law Syn: case/judge-made law |
общее право прецедентное право |
concept (n) |
понятие, концепция, принцип |
concern (v) Syn: involve |
затрагивать, вовлекать |
contain (v) |
содержать в себе, включать |
continental law |
континентально-европейское право |
customary law |
обычное право |
date back to (v) |
восходить к, датировать(ся) |
derive from (phr.v) Syn: come from |
происходить от (обычно в пассивном залоге) |
despite (prep) Syn: in spite of |
несмотря на |
develop (v) |
1) разрабатывать, создавать; 2) совершенствовать; 3) развивать(ся) |
distinction (n) |
разграничение; отличие |
enact (v) Syn: adopt/make/pass (a law) |
принимать (закон) |
equality (n) |
равенство, равноправие |
equity (n)
|
право справедливости; правосудие на основе права справедливости |
except (for) (prep) |
за исключением |
feudal law |
феодальное право |
habit (n) |
обычай, традиция; заведенный порядок |
however (conj) Syn: nevertheless , but |
однако, тем не менее, несмотря на это |
i.e. (сокр. от id est) |
то есть (произн. that is) |
impartial (adj) Syn: fair, just |
беспристрастный, справедливый |
influence (n) Syn: effect |
влияние; воздействие |
issue (n) |
вопрос, проблема |
judgment, judgement (n) pass judgement/sentence Syn: sentence, (court/judicial) opinion |
приговор, решение суда выносить приговор |
judicature (n) |
судопроизводство; судоустройство |
justice (n) |
1) справедливость; 2) правосудие; юстиция |
law merchant/merchant law Syn: commercial law |
торговое (купеческое) право |
lawsuit (n) Syn: suit, action, case |
судебное дело; иск; тяжба |
lay (laid) down (v) Syn: establish, state |
устанавливать, утверждать; формулировать |
litigant (n) Syn: party |
тяжущаяся сторона, сторона в судебном деле |
major (adj) Syn: main, basic, primary |
главный, крупный; основной, значительный |
maritime law |
морское право |
means (n) |
средство; способ; возможность |
Muslim law |
мусульманское право |
private law |
частное право |
property (n) private property |
собственность частная собственность |
public law |
публичное право |
rather than |
вместо |
remedy (n) |
средство судебной защиты |
replace (v) |
замещать; вытеснять |
resolve (v) |
решать (вопрос), разрешать (спор) |
supreme (adj) |
верховный; высший, главный |
treaty (n) Syn: agreement |
договор (преим. международный), соглашение, конвенция |